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Test 1 · ★ · Coal, oil and gas

"oil comes from dead dinosaurs" — it says so on a cartoon dinosaur at a petrol station. What is true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: oil · What happens: come, say, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 59 «Coal, oil and gas» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: "oil comes from dead dinosaurs" — it says so on a cartoon dinosaur at a petrol station.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 comes	punct
2	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 comes	nsubj
3	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 dinosaurs	case
5	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 dinosaurs	amod
6	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 comes	obl
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 comes	punct
8	—	-	PUNCT	_	10 says	punct
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 says	nsubj
10	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 comes	conj
11	so	so	ADV	_	10 says	advmod
12	on	on	ADP	_	15 dinosaur	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 dinosaur	det
14	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 dinosaur	compound
15	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 says	obl
16	at	at	ADP	_	19 station	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 station	det
18	petrol	petrol	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 station	compound
19	station	station	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 dinosaur	nmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 comes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come in a quote	present	oil					from dead dinosaurs	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from dinosaur=Initial_Location
2	say speech: assert	present	oil					on a cartoon dinosaur at a petrol station	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Oil comes from tree sap

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comes	nsubj
2	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 sap	case
4	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sap	compound
5	sap	SAP	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Oil			tree sap			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from sap=Initial_Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Oil comes mostly from tiny sea plankton, not dinosaurs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comes	nsubj
2	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	2 comes	advmod
4	from	from	ADP	_	7 plankton	case
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 plankton	amod
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 plankton	compound
7	plankton	plankton	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 comes	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 dinosaurs	punct
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 dinosaurs	advmod
10	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 plankton	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Oil			tiny sea plankton and dinosaurs		mostly property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from plankton=Initial_Location

Option 3

Oil comes from volcanoes only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comes	nsubj
2	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 volcanoes	case
4	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 comes	obl
5	only	only	ADV	_	2 comes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Oil			volcanoes			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from volcano=Initial_Location

Option 4

Yes, oil is melted dinosaurs, and that's exactly why it is black

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 melted	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 melted	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 melted	aux:pass
5	melted	melt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 melted	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 why	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 why	cc
9	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	12 why	nsubj
10	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 why	cop
11	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	12 why	advmod
12	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 melted	conj
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 black	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 black	cop
15	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 why	advcl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	present · passive		oil					tree rules
2	is	present	that					exactly, why property	tree rules
3	is	present	oil					black property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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