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Test 2 · ★ · Coal, oil and gas

A lump of coal shows the print of a fern leaf. Why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: lump · What happens: show, print · To what, where: print, fern leaf

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 59 «Coal, oil and gas» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A lump of coal shows the print of a fern leaf.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 lump	det
2	lump	lump	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shows	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 coal	case
4	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lump	nmod
5	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 print	det
7	print	print	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shows	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 leaf	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 leaf	det
10	fern	fern	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 leaf	compound
11	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 print	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	a lump of coal	the print of a fern leaf					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent print=Recipient
2	print			a fern leaf					nom print «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Ferns grow on coal today

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ferns	fern	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 grow	nsubj
2	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	4 coal	case
4	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grow	obl
5	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grow	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	Ferns			coal	today		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on coal=Location

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Coal formed from ancient swamp forests

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 formed	nsubj
2	formed	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 forests	case
4	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 forests	amod
5	swamp	swamp	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 forests	compound
6	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 formed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	past	Coal			ancient swamp forests			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Coal is made of fossil fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 made	aux:pass
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 fish	case
5	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fish	compound
6	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Coal				of fossil fish	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Option 4

Someone drew the fern on it with a pencil

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 drew	nsubj
2	drew	draw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 fern	det
4	fern	fern	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drew	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	6 it	case
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 drew	obl
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 pencil	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 pencil	det
9	pencil	pencil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	draw	past	Someone	the fern		fern		with a pencil	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent fern=Theme on it=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/t2/