Exam question 1 · Ancient Greece: city-states, Athens and Sparta

Identify the principal reason for which ancient Greece consisted of numerous independent city-states rather than a unified realm.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, ancient Greece · What happens: identify, consist · To what, where: principal reason

This is exam question 1 of lesson 11 «Ancient Greece: city-states, Athens and Sparta» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 consisted	obl
7	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 Greece	amod
8	Greece	Greece	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 consisted	nsubj
9	consisted	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
10	of	of	ADP	_	15 states	case
11	numerous	numerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 states	amod
12	independent	independent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 states	amod
13	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 states	compound
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	15 states	punct
15	states	state	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 consisted	obl
16	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	20 realm	cc
17	than	than	ADP	_	16 rather	fixed
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 realm	det
19	unified	unified	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 realm	amod
20	realm	realm	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 consisted	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	consist	past	ancient Greece					for the principal reason; of numerous independent city states	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The terrain was divided by mountains and sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 terrain	det
2	terrain	terrain	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 divided	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 divided	aux:pass
4	divided	divide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 mountains	case
6	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 divided	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 sea	cc
8	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 mountains	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	divide	past · passive	mountains and sea	the terrain					vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 2

The Persians prohibited it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Persians	det
2	Persians	Persian	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 prohibited	nsubj
3	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 prohibited	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit	past	the Persians	it					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer it=Theme

Option 3

The inhabitants spoke mutually unintelligible languages

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 inhabitants	det
2	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 spoke	nsubj
3	spoke	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	mutually	mutually	ADV	_	3 spoke	advmod
5	unintelligible	unintelligible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 languages	amod
6	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 spoke	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	past	the inhabitants	unintelligible languages				mutually property	tree rules

Option 4

A royal decree forbade unification

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 decree	det
2	royal	royal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 decree	amod
3	decree	decree	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 forbade	nsubj
4	forbade	forbid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	unification	unification	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 forbade	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	forbid	past	a royal decree	unification					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer unification=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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