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Test 10 · Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic

A town picks its spot where a river can be crossed. Why is that clever?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: town · What happens: pick, cross, be · To what, where: spot, river

This is test 10 of lesson 13 «Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A town picks its spot where a river can be crossed.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 town	det
2	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 picks	nsubj
3	picks	pick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 spot	nmod:poss
5	spot	spot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 picks	obj
6	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	11 crossed	advmod
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 river	det
8	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 crossed	nsubj:pass
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 crossed	aux
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 crossed	aux:pass
11	crossed	cross	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 spot	acl:relcl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 picks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pick	present	a town	town's spot					vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient
2	cross	can · passive		a river					vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is that clever?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 clever	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 clever	cop
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	4 clever	mark
4	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 clever	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						clever property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Rivers keep the town warm in the winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 keep	nsubj
2	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 town	det
4	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keep	obj
5	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 keep	xcomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 winter	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 winter	det
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keep	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Rivers	the town			winter	warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent town=Theme

Option 2

No enemies can swim

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 enemies	det
2	enemies	enemy	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 swim	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 swim	aux
4	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	can	no enemies						vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Fish jump straight into the houses

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 jump	nsubj
2	jump	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	straight	straight	ADV	_	2 jump	advmod
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 houses	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 houses	det
6	houses	house	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 jump	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	present	Fish					into the houses result; straight property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into house=Result

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Traders and travellers pass through it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Traders	trader	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pass	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 travellers	cc
3	travellers	traveller	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Traders	conj
4	pass	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	through	through	ADP	_	6 it	case
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 pass	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass	present	Traders and travellers			it			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through it=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/t10/