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Test 2 · ★ · Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads

A friend thinks all Roman soldiers came from Italy. What is true?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: friend, Roman soldiers · What happens: think, come, be · To what, where: Italy · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 14 «Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A friend thinks all Roman soldiers came from Italy.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 thinks	nsubj
3	thinks	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	all	all	ADV	_	5 Roman	advmod
5	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 soldiers	amod
6	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 came	nsubj
7	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 thinks	ccomp
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 Italy	case
9	Italy	Italy	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 came	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 thinks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	present	a friend						vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	come	past	Roman soldiers			Italy			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from italy=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Every one of them was born in the city of Rome

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 one	det
2	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 born	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 them	case
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 one	nmod
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 born	aux:pass
6	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 city	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 city	det
9	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 born	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 Rome	case
11	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 city	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	past · passive		every one of them		the city of Rome			vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 2

Soldiers came only from Britain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 came	nsubj
2	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 Britain	advmod
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 Britain	case
5	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	Soldiers			Britain			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from britain=Initial_Location

Option 3

Only Greeks were allowed to join the army

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 allowed	advmod
2	Greeks	Greek	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 allowed	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 allowed	aux:pass
4	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 join	mark
6	join	join	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 allowed	xcomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 army	det
8	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 join	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	allow	past · passive		Greeks					vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
2	join not said to happen	to-infinitive	Greeks not said here	the army					vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent army=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Soldiers came from all over the empire, even Iraq and North Africa

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 came	nsubj
2	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	7 empire	case
4	all	all	ADV	_	7 empire	advmod
5	over	over	ADP	_	7 empire	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 empire	det
7	empire	empire	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 came	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 Iraq	punct
9	even	even	ADV	_	10 Iraq	advmod
10	Iraq	Iraq	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 came	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 Africa	cc
12	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Africa	compound
13	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Iraq	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	Soldiers	Iraq and North Africa		the empire			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from empire=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads/t2/