Test 4 · ★ · Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads
Arrows rain down on a group of soldiers. Which Roman trick helps?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Roman trick · What happens: trick, help
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 14 «Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Arrows rain down on a group of soldiers.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 rain | compound |
| 2 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | down | down | ADV | _ | 2 rain | advmod |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 group | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 group | det |
| 6 | group | group | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 rain | nmod |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 soldiers | case |
| 8 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 group | nmod |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 rain | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: Which Roman trick helps?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 3 trick | nsubj |
| 2 | Roman | roman | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 trick | amod |
| 3 | trick | trick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 helps | nsubj |
| 4 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 helps | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | trick | tree rules | |||||||
| 2 | help | present | Roman trick | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Throwing away their shields
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Throwing | throw | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 2 | away | away | ADV | _ | 1 Throwing | advmod |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 shields | nmod:poss |
| 4 | shields | shield | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Throwing | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | throw away | gerund | their shields | away property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shield=Theme |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Locking shields into a tortoise
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Locking | lock | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 shields | nsubj |
| 2 | shields | shield | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | into | into | ADP | _ | 5 tortoise | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 tortoise | det |
| 5 | tortoise | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 shields | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lock | gerund | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | shield | present | a tortoise | tree rules |
Option 3
Lying down in a ditch
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lying | lie | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 2 | down | down | ADV | _ | 1 Lying | advmod |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 ditch | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 ditch | det |
| 5 | ditch | ditch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Lying | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lie down | gerund | a ditch | down property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in ditch=Location |
Option 4
Running away in all directions as fast as possible
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Running | run | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 2 | away | away | ADV | _ | 1 Running | advmod |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 directions | case |
| 4 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 directions | det |
| 5 | directions | direction | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Running | obl |
| 6 | as | as | ADV | _ | 7 fast | advmod |
| 7 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 1 Running | advmod |
| 8 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 9 possible | mark |
| 9 | possible | possible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 fast | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run away | gerund | all directions | away, fast property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in direction=Trajectory |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads/t4/