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Test 8 · ★ · Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads

Someone says Romans were just copiers and invented nothing. What is a fair answer?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Someone, Romans · What happens: say, be, invent · To what, where: copiers, nothing, fair answer · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 14 «Rome: the empire, the legions and the roads» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Someone says Romans were just copiers and invented nothing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	6 copiers	nsubj
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 copiers	cop
5	just	just	ADV	_	6 copiers	advmod
6	copiers	copier	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 says	ccomp
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 invented	cc
8	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	conj
9	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	8 invented	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Someone						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	past	Romans	copiers					tree rules
3	invent	past	Someone not said here	nothing					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is a fair answer?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 answer	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 answer	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 answer	det
4	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 answer	amod
5	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 answer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		a fair answer					tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They made great use of arches, domes and concrete

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 made	nsubj
2	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 use	amod
4	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 made	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 arches	case
6	arches	arch	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 use	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 domes	punct
8	domes	dome	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 arches	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 concrete	cc
10	concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 arches	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	They	great use of arches and domes and concrete					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset use=Product
2	use			arches and domes and concrete					nom use «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

They invented the steam engine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 invented	nsubj
2	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 engine	det
4	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 engine	compound
5	engine	engine	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 invented	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past	They	the steam engine					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Result

Option 3

They invented nothing useful at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 invented	nsubj
2	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	2 invented	obj
4	useful	useful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 nothing	amod
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 useful	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past	They	nothing					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Result

Option 4

They invented the wheel and fire long before anyone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 invented	nsubj
2	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 wheel	det
4	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 invented	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 fire	cc
6	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wheel	conj
7	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 invented	advmod
8	before	before	ADP	_	9 anyone	case
9	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past	They	the wheel and fire			before anyone	long property	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheel=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/14-rome-the-empire-the-legions-and-the-roads/t8/