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Test 2 · ★★ · Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us

My teacher said, no wait, I think she said Rome fell because of one bad emperor. What do historians say?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: teacher, I, Rome, historians · What happens: say, think, fall · To what, where: wait · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 16 «Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: My teacher said, no wait, I think she said Rome fell because of one bad emperor.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 teacher	nmod:poss
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 wait	punct
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 wait	det
6	wait	wait	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 said	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 think	punct
8	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	9 think	nsubj
9	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 said	conj
10	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 said	nsubj
11	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 think	ccomp
12	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 fell	nsubj
13	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 said	ccomp
14	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	18 emperor	case
15	of	of	ADP	_	14 because	fixed
16	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 emperor	nummod
17	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 emperor	amod
18	emperor	emperor	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 fell	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	My teacher	no wait					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	think speech: other	present	I						vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	say speech: assert	past	teacher						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	fall	past	Rome					because one bad emperor	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What do historians say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 say	obj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 say	aux
3	historians	historian	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 say	nsubj
4	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · do-support	historians						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Many problems together weakened the West

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 problems	amod
2	problems	problem	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 weakened	nsubj
3	together	together	ADV	_	4 weakened	advmod
4	weakened	weaken	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 West	det
6	West	West	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 weakened	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	weaken	past	Many problems	the West				together property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent west=Patient

Option 2

It fell because of a volcano

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 fell	nsubj
2	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	6 volcano	case
4	of	of	ADP	_	3 because	fixed
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 volcano	det
6	volcano	volcano	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fell	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	past	It					because a volcano	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

One emperor ruined the whole empire all by himself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 emperor	nummod
2	emperor	emperor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ruined	nsubj
3	ruined	ruin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 empire	det
5	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 empire	amod
6	empire	empire	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ruined	obj
7	all	all	ADV	_	3 ruined	advmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 himself	case
9	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 ruined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ruin	past	One emperor	the whole empire				by emperor; all property	vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent empire=Patient

Option 4

It was sold to Persia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sold	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sold	aux:pass
3	sold	sell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 Persia	case
5	Persia	Persia	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 sold	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sell	past · passive		It	Persia				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to persia=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/t2/