Test 3 · ★★ · Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us

In Europa Universalis Byzantium is a tiny state at the start. Why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: be · To what, where: tiny state, Europa

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 16 «Rome: the fall of the West and what Rome left us» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In Europa Universalis Byzantium is a tiny state at the start.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Europa	case
2	Europa	Europa	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 state	obl
3	Universalis	Universalis	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Europa	flat
4	Byzantium	Byzantium	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Europa	flat
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 state	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 state	det
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 state	amod
8	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	at	at	ADP	_	11 start	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 start	det
11	start	start	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 state	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 state	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		a tiny state		Europa		at the start	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

By then it was near its end, long after its great days

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	2 then	case
2	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 end	obl
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 end	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 end	cop
5	near	near	ADP	_	7 end	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 end	nmod:poss
7	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 days	punct
9	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	13 days	advmod
10	after	after	ADP	_	13 days	case
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 days	nmod:poss
12	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 days	amod
13	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 end	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	it				near its end and its great days		tree rules

Option 2

The game made it up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 game	det
2	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj
3	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 made	obj
5	up	up	ADP	_	3 made	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make up	past	the game	it					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Pivot

Option 3

It was always a tiny state, even under the great Justinian

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 state	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 state	cop
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 state	advmod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 state	det
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 state	amod
6	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 Justinian	punct
8	even	even	ADV	_	12 Justinian	advmod
9	under	under	ADP	_	12 Justinian	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Justinian	det
11	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 Justinian	amod
12	Justinian	Justinian	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 state	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a tiny state		the great Justinian		always property	tree rules

Option 4

It was a Viking land

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 land	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 land	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 land	det
4	Viking	Viking	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 land	compound
5	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a Viking land					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/16-rome-the-fall-of-the-west-and-what-rome-left-us/t3/