Exam question 2 · The Aztecs and the Inca

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the quipu of the Inca?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: quipu

This is exam question 2 of lesson 19 «The Aztecs and the Inca» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 quipu	det
10	quipu	quipu	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 Inca	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Inca	det
13	Inca	Inca	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 quipu	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the quipu of the Inca				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Cords bearing knots by which records were kept

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cords	cord	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 kept	nsubj:pass
2	bearing	bear	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Cords	acl
3	knots	knot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bearing	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 records	case
5	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	6 records	det
6	records	record	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bearing	obl
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 kept	aux:pass
8	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	gerund	Cords not said here	knots				by which records	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knot=Patient
2	keep	past · passive		Cords					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

A variety of freeze-dried potato

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 variety	det
2	variety	variety	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 potato	case
4	freeze	freeze	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 dried	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 freeze	punct
6	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 potato	amod
7	potato	potato	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 variety	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dry	participle							vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

The crown of the emperor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 crown	det
2	crown	crown	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 emperor	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 emperor	det
5	emperor	emperor	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 crown	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crown			the emperor					nom crown «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

Bridges of rope across gorges

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bridges	bridge	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 rope	case
3	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Bridges	nmod
4	across	across	ADP	_	5 gorges	case
5	gorges	gorge	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Bridges	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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