Test 8 · ★★★ · The Aztecs and the Inca

Why was the Inca Empire easier to take over in 1532?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Inca Empire · What happens: be, take over · To what, where: 1532

This is test 8 · ★★★ of lesson 19 «The Aztecs and the Inca» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 easier	advmod
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 easier	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Empire	det
4	Inca	Inca	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Empire	compound
5	Empire	Empire	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 easier	nsubj
6	easier	easy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 take	mark
8	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 easier	xcomp
9	over	over	ADP	_	8 take	compound:prt
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 1532	case
11	1532	1532	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 take	obl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 easier	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the Inca Empire					easy property	tree rules
2	take over	to-infinitive	the Inca Empire not said here			1532			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It had no people left, because they all moved away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 people	det
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 had	obj
5	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 people	acl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 moved	punct
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 moved	mark
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 moved	nsubj
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 they	det
10	moved	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 had	conj
11	away	away	ADV	_	10 moved	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	past	It	no people		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient
2	leave	participle		no people not said here		vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	move away	past	people		away property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

A civil war and smallpox had already weakened it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 war	det
2	civil	civil	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 war	amod
3	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 weakened	nsubj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 smallpox	cc
5	smallpox	smallpox	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 war	conj
6	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 weakened	aux
7	already	already	ADV	_	8 weakened	advmod
8	weakened	weaken	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 weakened	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	weaken	past · perfect	a civil war and smallpox	smallpox					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 3

Its roads led to Spain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 roads	nmod:poss
2	roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 led	nsubj
3	led	lead	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 Spain	case
5	Spain	Spain	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 led	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lead	past	Its roads		Spain				vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to spain=Patient

Option 4

The Inca invited Pizarro to rule

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Inca	det
2	Inca	Inca	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 invited	nsubj
3	invited	invite	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Pizarro	Pizarro	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 invited	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 rule	mark
6	rule	rule	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 invited	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invite	past	the Inca	Pizarro					vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent pizarro=Recipient clause=Topic
2	rule not said to happen	to-infinitive	Pizarro not said here						vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/19-the-aztecs-and-the-inca/t8/