Exam question 2 · Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the innovation introduced by Johannes Gutenberg circa fourteen hundred and fifty?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: innovation · What happens: follow, characteris, introduce · To what, where: innovation, fourteen hundred

This is exam question 2 of lesson 25 «Printing, the Renaissance and the Reformation» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 innovation	det
10	innovation	innovation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	introduced	introduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 innovation	acl
12	by	by	ADP	_	14 Gutenberg	case
13	Johannes	Johannes	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Gutenberg	compound
14	Gutenberg	Gutenberg	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 introduced	obl
15	circa	circa	ADV	_	17 hundred	advmod
16	fourteen	fourteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 hundred	nummod
17	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 introduced	obl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 fifty	cc
19	fifty	fifty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 hundred	conj
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the innovation	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	introduce	participle	the innovation not said here	fourteen hundred	by Johannes Gutenberg	vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The manufacture of paper from silk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 manufacture	det
2	manufacture	manufacture	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 paper	case
4	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 manufacture	nmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 silk	case
6	silk	silk	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 manufacture	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	manufacture			paper		silk			nom manufacture «act transitive»: of=patient from=place

Option 2

The first printing of any kind in the world

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 printing	det
2	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 printing	amod
3	printing	printing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 kind	case
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 kind	det
6	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 printing	nmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 world	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 world	det
9	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 kind	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	print			any kind in the world					nom printing «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

The hand-copying of manuscripts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 copying	det
2	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 copying	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 hand	punct
4	copying	copying	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 manuscripts	case
6	manuscripts	manuscript	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 copying	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy			manuscripts					nom copying «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A printing press employing movable metal type

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 press	det
2	printing	printing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 press	compound
3	press	press	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	employing	employ	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 press	acl
5	movable	movable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 type	amod
6	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 type	compound
7	type	type	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 employing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	gerund	a printing press not said here	movable metal type					vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent type=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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