Test 4 · ★ · Explorers: around Africa and Columbus
Can someone be both brave and cruel? Which fits Columbus?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: someone · What happens: be, fit · To what, where: Columbus
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 26 «Explorers: around Africa and Columbus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Can someone be both brave and cruel?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 brave | aux |
| 2 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 5 brave | nsubj |
| 3 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 brave | cop |
| 4 | both | both | CCONJ | _ | 5 brave | cc:preconj |
| 5 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 cruel | cc |
| 7 | cruel | cruel | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 brave | conj |
| 8 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 brave | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | can | someone | brave property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | someone not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Which fits Columbus?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 2 fits | nsubj |
| 2 | fits | fit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | Columbus | Columbus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 fits | obj |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 fits | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fit | present | Columbus | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent columbus=Patient |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Only a hero with no faults at all, kind to everyone he met
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 3 hero | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 hero | det |
| 3 | hero | hero | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 faults | case |
| 5 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 6 faults | det |
| 6 | faults | fault | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 hero | nmod |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 all | case |
| 8 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 faults | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 kind | punct |
| 10 | kind | kind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 hero | conj |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 everyone | case |
| 12 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 10 kind | obl |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 met | nsubj |
| 14 | met | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 everyone | acl:relcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | meet | past | he | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
Only a villain who could not sail
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 3 villain | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 villain | det |
| 3 | villain | villain | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 sail | nsubj |
| 5 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 sail | aux |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 sail | advmod |
| 7 | sail | sail | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 villain | acl:relcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not sail | could | a villain | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
A skilful sailor and also a harsh governor
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 sailor | det |
| 2 | skilful | skilful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 sailor | amod |
| 3 | sailor | sailor | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 governor | cc |
| 5 | also | also | ADV | _ | 8 governor | advmod |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 governor | det |
| 7 | harsh | harsh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 governor | amod |
| 8 | governor | governor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sailor | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
Neither, he never sailed
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Neither | neither | ADV | _ | 5 sailed | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Neither | punct |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 sailed | nsubj |
| 4 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 5 sailed | advmod |
| 5 | sailed | sail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not sail | past | he | neither property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/t4/