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Test 3 · ★ · Explorers: around Africa and Columbus

A book says Columbus discovered an empty land. What is wrong with that?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: book, Columbus · What happens: say, discover, be · To what, where: empty land · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 26 «Explorers: around Africa and Columbus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A book says Columbus discovered an empty land.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 book	det
2	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 discovered	nsubj
5	discovered	discover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 land	det
7	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 land	amod
8	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 discovered	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a book						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	discover	past	Columbus	a empty land					vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong with that?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 that	case
5	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 wrong	obl
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						with that; wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

It was full of Vikings only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 full	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 full	cop
3	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Vikings	case
5	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 full	obl
6	only	only	ADV	_	3 full	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	It					of Vikings; full property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

He landed in Asia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 landed	nsubj
2	landed	land	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Asia	case
4	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 landed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	land	past	He			Asia			vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in asia=Destination

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Millions of people already lived there

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lived	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 people	case
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Millions	nmod
4	already	already	ADV	_	5 lived	advmod
5	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 lived	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	past	Millions of people			there			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Nothing, it was empty land with only animals living there

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	6 land	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 land	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 land	cop
5	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 land	amod
6	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 animals	case
8	only	only	ADV	_	9 animals	advmod
9	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 land	nmod
10	living	live	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 animals	acl
11	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	10 living	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Nothing	empty land				with animals	tree rules
2	live	gerund	animals not said here			there			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/26-explorers-around-africa-and-columbus/t3/