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Test 7 · ★★★ · The age of science

A cut was left dirty in 1700 and a cut is washed clean today. Which is more likely to get infected, and who explained why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: leave, wash, be, get, explain · To what, where: cut, 1700

This is test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 29 «The age of science» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cut was left dirty in 1700 and a cut is washed clean today.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cut	det
2	cut	cut	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 left	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 left	aux:pass
4	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	dirty	dirty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 left	xcomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 1700	case
7	1700	1700	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 left	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 washed	cc
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 cut	det
10	cut	cut	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 washed	nsubj:pass
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 washed	aux:pass
12	washed	wash	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 left	conj
13	clean	clean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 washed	xcomp
14	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 washed	obl:unmarked
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 left	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	past · passive		a cut		1700		dirty property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in 1700=Location
2	wash	present · passive		a cut			today	clean property	vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which is more likely to get infected, and who explained why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 likely	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 likely	cop
3	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 likely	advmod
4	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 get	mark
6	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 likely	xcomp
7	infected	infected	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 get	xcomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 explained	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 explained	cc
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 explained	nsubj
11	explained	explain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 likely	parataxis
12	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	11 explained	advmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 likely	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						likely property	tree rules
2	get	to-infinitive						infected property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
3	explain speech: assert	past							vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The clean one; Darwin showed soap causes disease

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 one	det
2	clean	clean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 one	amod
3	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 causes	nsubj
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 showed	punct
5	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 showed	nsubj
6	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 one	acl:relcl
7	soap	soap	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 showed	obj
8	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 causes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past	Darwin	soap					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent soap=Recipient
2	cause	present	the clean one	disease					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition disease=Patient

Option 2

Both the same; germs do not exist

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	CCONJ	_	3 same	cc:preconj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 same	det
3	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 exist	punct
5	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 exist	nsubj
6	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 exist	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 exist	advmod
8	exist	exist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 same	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not exist	present · do-support	germs						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

The clean one; Newton showed water is dangerous

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 one	det
2	clean	clean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 one	amod
3	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 dangerous	nsubj
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 showed	punct
5	Newton	Newton	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 showed	nsubj
6	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 one	acl:relcl
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 showed	obj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 dangerous	cop
9	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past	Newton	water					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent water=Recipient
2	is	present	the clean one					dangerous property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The dirty one; Pasteur and Koch showed germs cause infection

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 one	det
2	dirty	dirty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 one	amod
3	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 showed	nsubj
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 Pasteur	punct
5	Pasteur	Pasteur	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 one	appos
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 Koch	cc
7	Koch	Koch	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Pasteur	conj
8	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 cause	nsubj
10	cause	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 showed	ccomp
11	infection	infection	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cause	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past	the dirty one						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	cause	present	germs	infection					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition infection=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/29-the-age-of-science/t7/