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Test 6 · ★★★ · The age of science

Darwin's finches on different islands had different beaks. What is the best explanation?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: finches, best explanation · What happens: have, be · To what, where: different beaks

This is test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 29 «The age of science» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Darwin's finches on different islands had different beaks.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 finches	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Darwin	case
3	finches	finch	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 had	nsubj
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 islands	case
5	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 islands	amod
6	islands	island	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 finches	nmod
7	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 beaks	amod
9	beaks	beak	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 had	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Darwin's finches on different islands	different beaks					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beak=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the best explanation?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 explanation	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 explanation	amod
5	explanation	explanation	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the best explanation						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Over many generations each kind changed to suit its own food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Over	over	ADP	_	3 generations	case
2	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 generations	amod
3	generations	generation	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	5 kind	det
5	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 changed	nsubj
6	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 generations	acl:relcl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 suit	mark
8	suit	suit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 changed	advcl
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 food	nmod:poss
10	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 food	amod
11	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 suit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	participle	each kind	many generations not said here					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent generation=Patient
2	suit	to-infinitive	each kind not said here	kind's own food					tree rules

Option 2

Each bird grew a new beak in a week

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 bird	det
2	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grew	nsubj
3	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 beak	det
5	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 beak	amod
6	beak	beak	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grew	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 week	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 week	det
9	week	week	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	past	each bird	a new beak			week		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location beak=Theme

Option 3

Someone glued on new beaks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 glued	nsubj
2	glued	glue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 beaks	case
4	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 beaks	amod
5	beaks	beak	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 glued	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	glue	past	Someone					on new beaks	vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient on beak=Co-Patient

Option 4

They all came from different planets far across space, long ago

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 came	nsubj
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 came	advmod
3	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 planets	case
5	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 planets	amod
6	planets	planet	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 came	obl
7	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	3 came	advmod
8	across	across	ADP	_	9 space	case
9	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 far	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 ago	punct
11	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 ago	advmod
12	ago	ago	ADV	_	3 came	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	They			different planets		ago, far property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from planet=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/29-the-age-of-science/t6/