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Test 5 · ★★★ · The age of science

Newton's laws come from the 1600s. Why do rocket engineers still use them?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: laws, rocket engineers · What happens: come, use · To what, where: 1600s, laws

This is test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 29 «The age of science» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Newton's laws come from the 1600s.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Newton	Newton	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 laws	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Newton	case
3	laws	law	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 come	nsubj
4	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 1600s	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 1600s	det
7	1600s	1600	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	4 come	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 come	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Newton's laws			the 1600s			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from 1600=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why do rocket engineers still use them?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 use	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 use	aux
3	rocket	rocket	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 engineers	compound
4	engineers	engineer	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 use	nsubj
5	still	still	ADV	_	6 use	advmod
6	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 use	obj
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 use	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present · do-support	rocket engineers	laws = law			still		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

The options

Option 1

They are perfectly exact in every possible case

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 exact	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 exact	cop
3	perfectly	perfectly	ADV	_	4 exact	advmod
4	exact	exact	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 case	case
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 case	det
7	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 case	amod
8	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 exact	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They			every possible case		exact, perfectly property	tree rules

Option 2

They are required by law

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 required	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 required	aux:pass
3	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 law	case
5	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 required	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive	law	They					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Precondition

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Rockets were invented by Newton

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rockets	rocket	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 invented	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 invented	aux:pass
3	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 Newton	case
5	Newton	Newton	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive	Newton	Rockets					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

They describe motion and gravity very well

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 describe	nsubj
2	describe	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	motion	motion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 describe	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 gravity	cc
5	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 motion	conj
6	very	very	ADV	_	7 well	advmod
7	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 describe	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	describe	present	They	motion and gravity				well property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent motion=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/29-the-age-of-science/t5/