Test 5 · ★★ · The United States: a short story
Your friend says Jamestown was the first European town in what is now the USA. Is he right?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: friend, Jamestown · What happens: say, be · To what, where: first European town, USA · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 38 «The United States: a short story» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Your friend says Jamestown was the first European town in what is now the USA.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 friend | nmod:poss |
| 2 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 says | nsubj |
| 3 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | Jamestown | Jamestown | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 town | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 town | cop |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 town | det |
| 7 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 9 town | amod |
| 8 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 town | amod |
| 9 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 says | ccomp |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 what | case |
| 11 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 town | nmod |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 USA | cop |
| 13 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 USA | advmod |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 USA | det |
| 15 | USA | USA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 what | acl:relcl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Your friend | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is a | past | Jamestown | the first European town | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | the USA | now | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Is he right?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 right | cop |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 right | nsubj |
| 3 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 right | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Jamestown | right property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
No, Boston was founded in 1066
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 founded | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | Boston | Boston | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 founded | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 founded | aux:pass |
| 5 | founded | found | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 1066 | case |
| 7 | 1066 | 1066 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 founded | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | found | past · passive | Boston | 1066 | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
Option 2
No, it was New York in 1200
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 New | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 New | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 New | cop |
| 5 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 York | flat |
| 6 | York | York | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 1200 | case |
| 8 | 1200 | 1200 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 York | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | it | New | tree rules |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
No, the Spanish town of St. Augustine is older, from 1565
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 10 older | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 town | det |
| 4 | Spanish | Spanish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 town | amod |
| 5 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 older | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 Augustine | case |
| 7 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Augustine | nmod:desc |
| 8 | Augustine | Augustine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 town | nmod |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 older | cop |
| 10 | older | old | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 1565 | punct |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 1565 | case |
| 13 | 1565 | 1565 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 older | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the Spanish town of Augustine St. | 1565 | old property | tree rules |
Option 4
Yes, nothing in North America was older than Jamestown
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 8 older | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 nothing | punct |
| 3 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 8 older | nsubj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 America | case |
| 5 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 America | compound |
| 6 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 nothing | nmod |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 older | cop |
| 8 | older | old | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 9 | than | than | ADP | _ | 10 Jamestown | case |
| 10 | Jamestown | Jamestown | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 older | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | nothing | than Jamestown; old property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/38-the-united-states-a-short-story/t5/