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Test 6 · ★★ · The United States: a short story

A US court tells the president he broke the law. Why is that possible?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: US court, court, that · What happens: tell, break, be · To what, where: president, law · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 38 «The United States: a short story» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A US court tells the president he broke the law.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 court	det
2	US	US	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 court	compound
3	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tells	nsubj
4	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 president	det
6	president	president	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tells	obj
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 broke	nsubj
8	broke	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 tells	ccomp
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 law	det
10	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 broke	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 tells	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present	a US court	the president					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent president=Recipient clause=Topic
2	break	past	court	the law					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is that possible?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 possible	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 possible	cop
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 possible	nsubj
4	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 possible	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	that					possible property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is not possible

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 possible	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 possible	cop
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 possible	advmod
4	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	It					possible property	tree rules

Option 2

The president chose to obey once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 president	det
2	president	president	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 chose	nsubj
3	chose	choose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 obey	mark
5	obey	obey	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 chose	xcomp
6	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	5 obey	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	choose	past	the president						tree rules
2	obey	to-infinitive	the president not said here					once property	vn abide_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The Constitution makes the parts of government check each other

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Constitution	det
2	Constitution	constitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 parts	det
5	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 check	nsubj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 government	case
7	government	government	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 parts	nmod
8	check	check	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 makes	ccomp
9	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	8 check	obj
10	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 each	fixed

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	the Constitution						tree rules
2	check	present	the parts of government	each					vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Theme

Option 4

Courts are above everyone and make all laws

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Courts	court	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 make	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 make	cop
3	above	above	ADP	_	4 everyone	case
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	6 make	nsubj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 make	cc
6	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 laws	det
8	laws	law	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 make	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Courts					make property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/38-the-united-states-a-short-story/t6/