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Test 2 · ★★★ · Australia and New Zealand: a short story

Two people sign a treaty but their two copies promise different things. What is likely to happen?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Two people, two copies, people · What happens: sign, promise, copy, be, happen · To what, where: treaty, different things

This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 40 «Australia and New Zealand: a short story» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Two people sign a treaty but their two copies promise different things.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 people	nummod
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sign	nsubj
3	sign	sign	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 treaty	det
5	treaty	treaty	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sign	obj
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 promise	cc
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 copies	nmod:poss
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 copies	nummod
9	copies	copy	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 promise	nsubj
10	promise	promise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sign	conj
11	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 things	amod
12	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 promise	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sign	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sign	present	Two people	a treaty					vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent treaty=Destination
2	promise speech: promise	present	people's two copies	different things					vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
3	copy		people						nom copy «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is likely to happen?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 likely	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 likely	cop
3	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 happen	mark
5	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 likely	xcomp
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 likely	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						likely property	tree rules
2	happen	to-infinitive							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Nothing, wording never matters

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	5 matters	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 wording	punct
3	wording	word	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Nothing	conj
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	5 matters	advmod
5	matters	matter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	word	gerund	Nothing not said here						tree rules
2	not matter	present	Nothing						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

Option 2

The treaty becomes invisible

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 treaty	det
2	treaty	treaty	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 becomes	nsubj
3	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	invisible	invisible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 becomes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	present	the treaty					invisible property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Everyone agrees for ever, because a signed treaty can never be argued over

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	2 agrees	nsubj
2	agrees	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	for	for	ADP	_	4 ever	case
4	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	2 agrees	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 argued	punct
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	13 argued	mark
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 treaty	det
8	signed	sign	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 treaty	amod
9	treaty	treaty	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 argued	nsubj:pass
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 argued	aux
11	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	13 argued	advmod
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 argued	aux:pass
13	argued	argue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 agrees	conj
14	over	over	ADV	_	13 argued	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	present	Everyone						vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	sign	participle							vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	not argue over speech: disagree	can · passive		a signed treaty				over property	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Each side expects different things and disputes follow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 side	det
2	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 expects	nsubj
3	expects	expect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 things	amod
5	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 follow	nsubj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 disputes	cc
7	disputes	dispute	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 things	conj
8	follow	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 expects	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	expect	present	each side						vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	follow	present	different things and disputes						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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