Exam question 1 · Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the founding date of the city of Kyiv?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: founding date

This is exam question 1 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 date	det
10	founding	founding	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 date	compound
11	date	date	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 city	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 city	det
14	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 date	nmod
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 Kyiv	case
16	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 city	nmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the founding date of the city of Kyiv				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The city is of great antiquity, but its precise year of foundation is not established

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 city	det
2	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 antiquity	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 antiquity	cop
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 antiquity	case
5	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 antiquity	amod
6	antiquity	antiquity	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 established	punct
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 established	cc
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 year	nmod:poss
10	precise	precise	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 year	amod
11	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 established	obl:unmarked
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 foundation	case
13	foundation	foundation	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 year	nmod
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 established	aux:pass
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 established	advmod
16	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 antiquity	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the city					of great antiquity	tree rules
2	not establish	present · passive		great antiquity not said here			year		vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»

Option 2

The city was demonstrably founded in the year four hundred and eighty-two

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 city	det
2	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 founded	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 founded	aux:pass
4	demonstrably	demonstrably	ADV	_	5 founded	advmod
5	founded	found	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 year	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 year	det
8	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 founded	obl
9	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 hundred	compound
10	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 founded	obl:agent
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 two	cc
12	eighty	eighty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 two	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 eighty	punct
14	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 hundred	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	found	past · passive	four hundred	the city			year	demonstrably property	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 3

The city was founded in nineteen hundred and eighty-two

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 city	det
2	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 founded	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 founded	aux:pass
4	founded	found	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 hundred	case
6	nineteen	nineteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 hundred	compound
7	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 founded	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 two	cc
9	eighty	eighty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 two	compound
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 eighty	punct
11	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 hundred	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	found	past · passive		the city		nineteen hundred			vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4

The city was founded subsequent to Moscow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 city	det
2	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 founded	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 founded	aux:pass
4	founded	found	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 founded	xcomp
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 Moscow	case
7	Moscow	Moscow	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 founded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	found	past · passive		the city	Moscow			subsequent property	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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