Test 1 · Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus Danylo says Kyiv is 1,500 years old exactly, it's in the books. The teacher says Kyiv is «medieval, like London». Who's closer?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Danylo, Kyiv, it, teacher · What happens: say, be · To what, where: books · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 1 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Danylo says Kyiv is 1,500 years old exactly, it's in the books.
nsubj nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked ccomp advmod punct nsubj cop case det parataxis punct root Danylo PROPN says VERB Kyiv PROPN is AUX 1,500 NUM years NOUN old ADJ exactly ADV , PUNCT it PRON 's AUX in ADP the DET books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Danylo Danylo PROPN Number=Sing 2 says nsubj 2 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Kyiv Kyiv PROPN Number=Sing 7 old nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 old cop 5 1,500 1,500 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 years nummod 6 years year NOUN Number=Plur 7 old obl:unmarked 7 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 2 says ccomp 8 exactly exactly ADV _ 7 old advmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 books punct 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 books nsubj 11 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 books cop 12 in in ADP _ 14 books case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 books det 14 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 says parataxis 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Danylo vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is present Kyiv year exactly, old property tree rules 3 is present it the books tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: The teacher says Kyiv is «medieval, like London».
det nsubj nsubj cop punct ccomp punct case vocative punct punct root The DET teacher NOUN says VERB Kyiv PROPN is AUX « PUNCT medieval ADJ , PUNCT like ADP London PROPN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 Kyiv Kyiv PROPN Number=Sing 7 medieval nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 medieval cop 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 medieval punct 7 medieval medieval ADJ Degree=Pos 3 says ccomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 London punct 9 like like ADP _ 10 London case 10 London London PROPN Number=Sing 7 medieval vocative 11 » » PUNCT _ 7 medieval punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the teacher vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is in a quote present Kyiv London vocative ; medieval property tree rules
Sentence 3: Who's closer?
nsubj cop punct root Who PRON 's AUX closer ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 3 closer nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 closer cop 3 closer close ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 closer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present close property tree rules
The options Option 1 The teacher, Kyiv is no older than London's oldest church, which was built in the Middle Ages too
The tree, 19 words det nsubj punct appos cop det case nmod:poss case amod obl punct nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl case det flat obl advmod root The DET teacher NOUN , PUNCT Kyiv PROPN is AUX no DET older ADJ than ADP London PROPN 's PART oldest ADJ church NOUN , PUNCT which PRON was AUX built VERB in ADP the DET Middle PROPN Ages PROPN too ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 7 older nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 teacher punct 4 Kyiv Kyiv PROPN Number=Sing 2 teacher appos 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 older cop 6 no no DET PronType=Neg 7 older det 7 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 8 than than ADP _ 12 church case 9 London London PROPN Number=Sing 12 church nmod:poss 10 's 's PART _ 9 London case 11 oldest old ADJ Degree=Sup 12 church amod 12 church church NOUN Number=Sing 7 older obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 built punct 14 which which PRON PronType=Rel 16 built nsubj:pass 15 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 built aux:pass 16 built build VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 church acl:relcl 17 in in ADP _ 20 Ages case 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 Ages det 19 Middle Middle PROPN Number=Sing 20 Ages flat 20 Ages Age PROPN Number=Plur 16 built obl 21 too too ADV _ 7 older advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the teacher than London's oldest church; old property tree rules 2 build past · passive London's oldest church in the Middle Ages vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Option 2 Neither, Kyiv was founded in 1982
advmod punct nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl root Neither ADV , PUNCT Kyiv PROPN was AUX founded VERB in ADP 1982 NUM The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Neither neither ADV _ 5 founded advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Neither punct 3 Kyiv Kyiv PROPN Number=Sing 5 founded nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 founded aux:pass 5 founded found VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 1982 case 7 1982 1982 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 founded obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 found past · passive Kyiv 1982 neither property vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Option 3 Danylo, the exact birthday is 482
punct det amod nsubj cop appos root Danylo PROPN , PUNCT the DET exact ADJ birthday NOUN is AUX 482 NUM The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Danylo Danylo PROPN Number=Sing root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 7 482 punct 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 birthday det 4 exact exact ADJ Degree=Pos 5 birthday amod 5 birthday birthday NOUN Number=Sing 7 482 nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 482 cop 7 482 482 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 Danylo appos
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the exact birthday 482 tree rules
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer Each is half right: Kyiv is much older than Moscow, but the 1,500 date is a chosen round date
The tree, 19 words nsubj cop advmod punct nsubj cop advmod parataxis case obl punct cc det nummod nsubj cop det amod compound conj root Each DET is AUX half ADV right ADJ : PUNCT Kyiv PROPN is AUX much ADV older ADJ than ADP Moscow PROPN , PUNCT but CCONJ the DET 1,500 NUM date NOUN is AUX a DET chosen VERB round NOUN date NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 4 right nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 right cop 3 half half ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 4 right advmod 4 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 : : PUNCT _ 9 older punct 6 Kyiv Kyiv PROPN Number=Sing 9 older nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 older cop 8 much much ADV _ 9 older advmod 9 older old ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 right parataxis 10 than than ADP _ 11 Moscow case 11 Moscow Moscow PROPN Number=Sing 9 older obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 21 date punct 13 but but CCONJ _ 21 date cc 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 date det 15 1,500 1,500 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 16 date nummod 16 date date NOUN Number=Sing 21 date nsubj 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 date cop 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 date det 19 chosen choose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 21 date amod 20 round round NOUN Number=Sing 21 date compound 21 date date NOUN Number=Sing 4 right conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Each half, right property tree rules 2 is present Kyiv than Moscow; old property tree rules 3 choose participle vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 is a present the 1,500 date a chosen round date tree rules
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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