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Test 10 · Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus

Danylo goes «Rus always meant Ukraine and nothing else». What's closer?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Danylo, Rus · What happens: go, mean, be · To what, where: Ukraine · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Danylo goes «Rus always meant Ukraine and nothing else».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 goes	nsubj
2	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 meant	punct
4	Rus	Rus	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 meant	nsubj
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 meant	advmod
6	meant	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 goes	parataxis
7	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 meant	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 nothing	cc
9	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	7 Ukraine	conj
10	else	else	ADV	_	9 nothing	advmod
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 meant	punct
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 goes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	present	Danylo						vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	mean in a quote	past	Rus	Ukraine				always property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ukraine=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's closer?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 closer	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 closer	cop
3	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 closer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						close property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Rus was a type of fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rus	Rus	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 type	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 type	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 type	det
4	type	type	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 fish	case
6	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 type	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Rus	a type				of fish	tree rules

Option 2

He's right, it never meant anything else in any century, not even once

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 meant	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 meant	nsubj
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 meant	advmod
7	meant	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 right	conj
8	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 meant	obj
9	else	else	ADV	_	8 anything	advmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 century	case
11	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	12 century	det
12	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 anything	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 once	punct
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 once	advmod
15	even	even	ADV	_	16 once	advmod
16	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	7 meant	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	not mean	past	it	anything				in any century; once property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Topic

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The old name changed meaning and grew into several modern names

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 name	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 name	amod
3	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 changed	nsubj
4	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	meaning	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 changed	xcomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 grew	cc
7	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 changed	conj
8	into	into	ADP	_	11 names	case
9	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 names	amod
10	modern	modern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 names	amod
11	names	name	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 grew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	past	the old name						tree rules
2	mean	gerund	the old name not said here						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	grow	past	the old name not said here					into several modern names result	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into name=Result

Option 4

Rus always meant Sweden

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rus	Rus	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 meant	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 meant	advmod
3	meant	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Sweden	Sweden	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 meant	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	past	Rus	Sweden				always property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweden=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/t10/