Exam question 1 · Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the linguistic arrangements of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, arrange · To what, where: linguistic arrangements, Grand Duchy

This is exam question 1 of lesson 43 «Lithuanian and Polish times, the first Cossacks» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 arrangements	det
10	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 arrangements	amod
11	arrangements	arrangement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 Duchy	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Duchy	det
14	Grand	grand	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 Duchy	amod
15	Duchy	Duchy	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 arrangements	nmod
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 Lithuania	case
17	Lithuania	Lithuania	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Duchy	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the linguistic arrangements of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	arrange		the Grand Duchy of Lithuania		nom arrangement «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Its documents were composed in Mongolian

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 documents	nmod:poss
2	documents	document	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 composed	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 composed	aux:pass
4	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 Mongolian	case
6	Mongolian	Mongolian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 composed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	past · passive		Its documents		Mongolian			vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
2	document		Its = it						nom document «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

Its documents were composed exclusively in modern Russian

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 documents	nmod:poss
2	documents	document	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 composed	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 composed	aux:pass
4	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	4 composed	advmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 Russian	case
7	modern	modern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 Russian	amod
8	Russian	Russian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 composed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	past · passive		Its documents		modern Russian		exclusively property	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
2	document		Its = it						nom document «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

Writing was prohibited throughout the Duchy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 prohibited	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 prohibited	aux:pass
3	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	6 Duchy	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Duchy	det
6	Duchy	Duchy	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 prohibited	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit	past · passive		Writing			throughout the Duchy		vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Its official documents were composed largely in Ruthenian

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 documents	nmod:poss
2	official	official	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 documents	amod
3	documents	document	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 composed	nsubj:pass
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 composed	aux:pass
5	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	largely	largely	ADV	_	5 composed	advmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 Ruthenian	case
8	Ruthenian	Ruthenian	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 composed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	past · passive		Its official documents		Ruthenian		largely property	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
2	document		Its = it						nom document «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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