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Test 3 · Today's Ukraine and Danylo's exaggerations

Danylo says Ukrainians invented the helicopter. What's the exact way to say it?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Danylo, Ukrainians, exact way · What happens: say, invent, be · To what, where: helicopter, way · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 of lesson 50 «Today's Ukraine and Danylo's exaggerations» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Danylo says Ukrainians invented the helicopter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Ukrainians	Ukrainian	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 invented	nsubj
4	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 helicopter	det
6	helicopter	helicopter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 invented	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Danylo						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	invent	past	Ukrainians	the helicopter					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent helicopter=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the exact way to say it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 way	det
4	exact	exact	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 way	amod
5	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 say	mark
7	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 way	acl
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 say	obj
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the exact way						tree rules
2	say speech: assert	to-infinitive	the exact way not said here	way					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic

The options

Option 1

Sikorsky never built anything

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sikorsky	Sikorsky	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 built	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 built	advmod
3	built	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 built	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not build	past	Sikorsky	anything					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Product

Option 2

The helicopter was invented in Kyiv in 1500

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 helicopter	det
2	helicopter	helicopter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 invented	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 invented	aux:pass
4	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 Kyiv	case
6	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 invented	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 1500	case
8	1500	1500	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive		the helicopter		Kyiv		in 1500	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 3

Ukrainians invented every flying machine, from the balloon to the jet plane

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ukrainians	Ukrainian	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 invented	nsubj
2	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	5 machine	det
4	flying	flying	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 machine	compound
5	machine	machine	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 invented	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 balloon	punct
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 balloon	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 balloon	det
9	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 invented	obl
10	to	to	ADP	_	13 plane	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 plane	det
12	jet	jet	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 plane	compound
13	plane	plane	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past	Ukrainians	every flying machine		the balloon		to the jet plane	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent machine=Result from balloon=Material

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A Kyiv-born engineer made the helicopter practical, working in America

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 engineer	det
2	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 born	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 Kyiv	punct
4	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 engineer	amod
5	engineer	engineer	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 made	nsubj
6	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 helicopter	det
8	helicopter	helicopter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 made	obj
9	practical	practical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 made	xcomp
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 working	punct
11	working	work	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 made	parataxis
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 America	case
13	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 working	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	participle							vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
2	make	past	a born engineer	the helicopter				practical property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset helicopter=Product
3	work	gerund						in America	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in america=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/50-todays-ukraine-and-danylos-exaggerations/t3/