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Test 3 · China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties

The teacher says «the Xia didn't exist», Mei says «it did». What should a careful historian say?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: teacher, Xia, Mei, careful historian · What happens: say, not exist, do · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 of lesson 51 «China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: The teacher says «the Xia didn't exist», Mei says «it did».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 teacher	det
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 exist	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Xia	det
6	Xia	Xia	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 exist	nsubj
7	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 exist	aux
8	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 exist	advmod
9	exist	exist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 says	ccomp
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 exist	punct
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 says	punct
12	Mei	Mei	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 says	nsubj
13	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	conj
14	«	«	PUNCT	_	16 did	punct
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 did	nsubj
16	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 says	ccomp
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 did	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the teacher						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not exist in a quote	past · do-support	the Xia						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	say speech: assert	present	Mei						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	do in a quote	past	Xia						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What should a careful historian say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 say	obj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 say	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 historian	det
4	careful	careful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 historian	amod
5	historian	historian	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 say	nsubj
6	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	should	a careful historian						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1

It was found in 1974 by farmers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 found	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 found	aux:pass
3	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 1974	case
5	1974	1974	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 found	obl
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 farmers	case
7	farmers	farmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 found	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past · passive	farmers	It		1974			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It is a Japanese legend

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 legend	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 legend	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 legend	det
4	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 legend	amod
5	legend	legend	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a Japanese legend					tree rules

Option 3

It is proven by Xia books found in a library in the old capital

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 proven	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 proven	aux:pass
3	proven	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 books	case
5	Xia	Xia	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 books	compound
6	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 proven	obl
7	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 books	acl
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 library	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 library	det
10	library	library	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 found	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	14 capital	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 capital	det
13	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 capital	amod
14	capital	capital	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 found	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present · passive	Xia books	It					vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	find	participle		Xia books not said here		a library		in the old capital	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is debated; some link it to Erlitou, but no writing is found

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 debated	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 debated	aux:pass
3	debated	debate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 link	punct
5	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	6 link	nsubj
6	link	link	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 debated	advcl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 link	obj
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 Erlitou	case
9	Erlitou	Erlitou	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 link	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 found	punct
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	15 found	cc
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 writing	det
13	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 found	nsubj:pass
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 found	aux:pass
15	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 debated	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	debate	present · passive		It					vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent
2	link	present	some	it	Erlitou				vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient to erlitou=Co-Patient
3	find	present · passive		no writing					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties/t3/