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Test 4 · China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties

Grandpa says the Yellow Emperor is our ancestor, the teacher says he's a myth. Which is fairest?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Grandpa, Yellow Emperor, teacher · What happens: say, be · To what, where: ancestor, myth · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 of lesson 51 «China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Grandpa says the Yellow Emperor is our ancestor, the teacher says he's a myth.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Emperor	det
4	Yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 Emperor	amod
5	Emperor	Emperor	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 ancestor	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 ancestor	cop
7	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 ancestor	nmod:poss
8	ancestor	ancestor	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 says	ccomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 says	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 teacher	det
11	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 says	nsubj
12	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	conj
13	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 myth	nsubj
14	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 myth	cop
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 myth	det
16	myth	myth	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 says	ccomp
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Grandpa						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	the Yellow Emperor	our ancestor					tree rules
3	say speech: assert	present	the teacher						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	is a	present	teacher	a myth					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which is fairest?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 fairest	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fairest	cop
3	fairest	fair	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 fairest	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						fair property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He was the first Ming emperor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 emperor	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 emperor	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 emperor	det
4	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	6 emperor	amod
5	Ming	Ming	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 emperor	compound
6	emperor	emperor	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	He	the first Ming emperor					tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He is a legend that many honour as a cultural ancestor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 legend	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 legend	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 legend	det
4	legend	legend	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 honour	nsubj
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 honour	amod
7	honour	honour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 legend	conj
8	as	as	ADP	_	11 ancestor	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 ancestor	det
10	cultural	cultural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 ancestor	amod
11	ancestor	ancestor	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 legend	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	He	a legend and many honour				as a cultural ancestor	tree rules
2	honour		that						tree rules

Option 3

He was a Roman emperor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 emperor	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 emperor	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 emperor	det
4	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 emperor	amod
5	emperor	emperor	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	He	a Roman emperor					tree rules

Option 4

He is proven by DNA tests on the bones found in his royal tomb

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 proven	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 proven	aux:pass
3	proven	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 tests	case
5	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tests	compound
6	tests	test	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 proven	obl
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 bones	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 bones	det
9	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 tests	nmod
10	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 bones	acl
11	in	in	ADP	_	14 tomb	case
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 tomb	nmod:poss
13	royal	royal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 tomb	amod
14	tomb	tomb	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 found	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present · passive	DNA tests on the bones	He					vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	find	participle		the bones not said here		his royal tomb			vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties/t4/