Exam question 4 · China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Grea…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contribution of Cai Lun?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, contribute · To what, where: contribution, Cai Lun

This is exam question 4 of lesson 52 «China: the First Emperor, the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 contribution	det
10	contribution	contribution	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 Lun	case
12	Cai	Cai	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Lun	compound
13	Lun	Lun	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 contribution	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the contribution of Cai Lun	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	contribute		Cai Lun		nom contribution «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He improved the manufacture of paper, older specimens having been recovered

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 improved	nsubj
2	improved	improve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 manufacture	det
4	manufacture	manufacture	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 improved	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 paper	case
6	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 manufacture	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 specimens	punct
8	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 specimens	amod
9	specimens	specimen	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 manufacture	conj
10	having	have	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 specimens	acl
11	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	12 recovered	aux:pass
12	recovered	recover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 having	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	improve	past	He	the manufacture of paper and older specimens	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent manufacture=Patient
2	have	gerund	older specimens not said here		tree rules
3	recover	participle · passive	older specimens not said here		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»
4	manufacture			paper	nom manufacture «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

He invented paper ex nihilo in the year 105

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 invented	nsubj
2	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 invented	obj
4	ex	ex	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 nihilo	amod
5	nihilo	nihilo	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 invented	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 year	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 year	det
8	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 invented	obl
9	105	105	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 year	flat

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past	He	paper			year		tree rules

Option 3

He introduced papyrus from Egypt by way of the caravan routes of Central Asia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 introduced	nsubj
2	introduced	introduce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	papyrus	papyrus	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 introduced	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 Egypt	case
5	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 introduced	obl
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 way	case
7	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 introduced	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 routes	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 routes	det
10	caravan	caravan	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 routes	compound
11	routes	route	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 way	nmod
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 Asia	case
13	Central	Central	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Asia	flat
14	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 routes	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	introduce	past	He	papyrus		Egypt		by way of the caravan routes of Central Asia	vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent papyrus=Patient

Option 4

He prohibited the use of paper

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 prohibited	nsubj
2	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 use	det
4	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 prohibited	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 paper	case
6	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 use	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit	past	He	the use of paper					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer use=Theme
2	use			paper					nom use «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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