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Test 1 · China: the four great inventions

Mei says China invented paper, printing, the compass and gunpowder. What does the teacher say?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Mei, China, teacher · What happens: say, invent · To what, where: paper · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 of lesson 53 «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Mei says China invented paper, printing, the compass and gunpowder.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mei	Mei	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 invented	nsubj
4	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
5	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 invented	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 printing	punct
7	printing	printing	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 paper	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 compass	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 compass	det
10	compass	compass	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 paper	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 gunpowder	cc
12	gunpowder	gunpowder	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 compass	conj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Mei						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	invent	past	China	paper and printing and the compass and gunpowder					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paper=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does the teacher say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 say	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 say	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 teacher	det
4	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 say	nsubj
5	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · do-support	the teacher						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

He agrees; this one is true

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 agrees	nsubj
2	agrees	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	7 true	punct
4	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 one	det
5	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 true	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 true	cop
7	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 agrees	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	present	He						vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	this one					true property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

He says Egypt invented them all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 invented	nsubj
4	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 invented	obj
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 them	nmod:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	He						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	invent	past	Egypt	them = they					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Result

Option 3

He says nobody knows

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	4 knows	nsubj
4	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	He						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	know	present	nobody						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

He says Europe invented them all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 invented	nsubj
4	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 invented	obj
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 them	nmod:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	He						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	invent	past	Europe	them = they					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/t1/