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Test 2 · China: the four great inventions

The teacher says «Gutenberg invented printing». Mei objects. Who is right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: teacher, Gutenberg · What happens: say, invent, be · To what, where: printing · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 of lesson 53 «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: The teacher says «Gutenberg invented printing».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 teacher	det
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 invented	punct
5	Gutenberg	Gutenberg	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 invented	nsubj
6	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
7	printing	printing	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 invented	obj
8	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 invented	punct
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the teacher						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	invent in a quote	past	Gutenberg	printing					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent printing=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Mei objects.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mei	Mei	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 objects	compound
2	objects	object	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 objects	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 3: Who is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Neither; printing came in 1900

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	ADV	_	4 came	advmod
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	1 Neither	punct
3	printing	printing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 came	nsubj
4	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 1900	case
6	1900	1900	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	printing			1900		neither property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1900=Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The teacher; nobody anywhere printed a single page before Gutenberg did

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 teacher	det
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 did	nsubj
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 printed	punct
4	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	6 printed	nsubj
5	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	PronType=Ind	6 printed	advmod
6	printed	print	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 teacher	acl:relcl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 page	det
8	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 page	amod
9	page	page	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 printed	obj
10	before	before	ADP	_	11 Gutenberg	case
11	Gutenberg	Gutenberg	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 printed	obl
12	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	print	past	nobody	a single page			before Gutenberg	anywhere property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Theme
2	do	past	the teacher						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Mei; China printed earlier, Gutenberg made an important version

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mei	Mei	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 made	nsubj
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	4 printed	punct
3	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 printed	nsubj
4	printed	print	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Mei	acl:relcl
5	earlier	early	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 printed	advmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Mei	punct
7	Gutenberg	Gutenberg	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 made	nsubj
8	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 version	det
10	important	important	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 version	amod
11	version	version	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 made	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	print	past	China	Mei not said here				early property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mei=Theme
2	make	past	Mei	a important version					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent version=Product

Option 4

Both wrong; the Romans did

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 wrong	det
2	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 did	nsubj
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 did	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Romans	det
5	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	6 did	nsubj
6	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past	both wrong						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/t2/