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Test 4 · China: the four great inventions

Nonna says Marco Polo brought spaghetti from China. Fix it kindly.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Nonna, Marco, you · What happens: say, bring, fix · To what, where: spaghetti, China · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 of lesson 53 «China: the four great inventions» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Nonna says Marco Polo brought spaghetti from China.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nonna	Nonna	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Marco	Marco	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 brought	nsubj
4	Polo	Polo	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Marco	flat
5	brought	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
6	spaghetti	spaghetti	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 brought	obj
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 China	case
8	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 brought	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Nonna						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	bring	past	Marco	spaghetti		China			vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent spaghetti=Theme from china=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Fix it kindly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fix	fix	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Fix	obj
3	kindly	kindly	ADV	_	1 Fix	advmod
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Fix	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fix	imperative	you not said here	spaghetti				kindly property	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Patient

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Italy had pasta before him; the story is a 20th-century myth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Italy	Italy	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	pasta	pasta	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
4	before	before	ADP	_	5 him	case
5	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 had	obl
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 myth	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 story	det
8	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 myth	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 myth	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 myth	det
11	20th	20th	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord	13 century	amod
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 20th	punct
13	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 myth	compound
14	myth	myth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Italy	pasta			before him = he		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pasta=Patient
2	is a	present	the story	a century myth					tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Marco Polo invented noodles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Marco	Marco	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 invented	nsubj
2	Polo	Polo	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Marco	flat
3	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	noodles	noodle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 invented	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past	Marco	noodles					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent noodle=Result

Option 3

Spaghetti came from Mexico

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spaghetti	spaghetti	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 came	nsubj
2	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 Mexico	case
4	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	Spaghetti			Mexico			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from mexico=Initial_Location

Option 4

She is right; it is proven by the letters he wrote home from China

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	7 proven	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 proven	nsubj:pass
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 proven	aux:pass
7	proven	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 right	parataxis
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 letters	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 letters	det
10	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 proven	obl
11	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 wrote	nsubj
12	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 proven	conj
13	home	home	ADV	_	12 wrote	advmod
14	from	from	ADP	_	15 China	case
15	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 wrote	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	She					right property	tree rules
2	prove	present · passive	the letters	it					vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
3	write	past	he			China		home property	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from china=Material

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/53-china-the-four-great-inventions/t4/