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Test 9 · China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages

Mei says the Ming fell only because of the Manchus. What happened first?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Mei, Ming · What happens: say, fall, happen · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 of lesson 56 «China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Mei says the Ming fell only because of the Manchus.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mei	Mei	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Ming	det
4	Ming	Ming	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 fell	nsubj
5	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
6	only	only	ADV	_	5 fell	advmod
7	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	10 Manchus	case
8	of	of	ADP	_	7 because	fixed
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Manchus	det
10	Manchus	Manchu	PROPN	Number=Plur	5 fell	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Mei						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	fall	past	the Ming					because the Manchus	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What happened first?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 happened	nsubj
2	happened	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	2 happened	advmod
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 happened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	past						first property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Famine, rebellion and money troubles; Li Zicheng took Beijing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Famine	famine	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 took	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 rebellion	punct
3	rebellion	rebellion	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Famine	conj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 troubles	cc
5	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 troubles	compound
6	troubles	trouble	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Famine	conj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 took	punct
8	Li	Li	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 took	nsubj
9	Zicheng	Zicheng	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Li	flat
10	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	Beijing	Beijing	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 took	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	past	Famine and rebellion and money troubles		Beijing				vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument beijing=Destination

Option 2

The British invaded with gunboats and soldiers from India

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 gunboats	det
2	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 gunboats	amod
3	invaded	invade	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 gunboats	amod
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 gunboats	case
5	gunboats	gunboat	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 soldiers	cc
7	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 gunboats	conj
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 India	case
9	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 gunboats	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invade	participle							tree rules

Option 3

Nothing; the Ming are still ruling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	4 Ming	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Ming	det
4	Ming	Ming	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Nothing	appos
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 ruling	aux
6	still	still	ADV	_	7 ruling	advmod
7	ruling	rule	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Nothing	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rule	present · progressive					still		vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

The Mongols returned

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Mongols	det
2	Mongols	Mongol	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 returned	nsubj
3	returned	return	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	return	past	the Mongols						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/t9/