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Test 6 · ★★★ · China: Mei's exaggerations and everyday China

The teacher said Chinese is impossible to learn. What did Mei show?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: teacher, Chinese, Mei · What happens: say, be, learn, show · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 60 «China: Mei's exaggerations and everyday China» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: The teacher said Chinese is impossible to learn.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 teacher	det
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 impossible	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 impossible	cop
6	impossible	impossible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 said	ccomp
7	to	to	PART	_	8 learn	mark
8	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 impossible	csubj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	the teacher						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	Chinese					impossible property	tree rules
3	learn	to-infinitive							vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What did Mei show?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 show	obj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 show	aux
3	Mei	Mei	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 show	nsubj
4	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past · do-support	Mei						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient

The options

Option 1

Chinese has only 26 letters, just like English

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 26	advmod
4	26	26	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 letters	nummod
5	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 English	punct
7	just	just	ADV	_	9 English	advmod
8	like	like	ADP	_	9 English	case
9	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 has	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Chinese	26 letters					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Hard is not impossible: she taught the class «nǐ hǎo»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 impossible	amod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 impossible	cop
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 impossible	advmod
4	impossible	impossible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 taught	punct
6	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 taught	nsubj
7	taught	teach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 impossible	parataxis
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 class	det
9	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 taught	obj
10	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 nǐ	punct
11	nǐ	nǐ	X	Foreign=Yes	7 taught	obj
12	hǎo	hǎo	X	Foreign=Yes	11 nǐ	flat:foreign
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 impossible	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present						impossible property	tree rules
2	teach speech: other	past	she	the class					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent class=Recipient nǐ=Topic

Option 3

He was right: no foreigner has ever learned to speak Chinese

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 learned	punct
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 foreigner	det
6	foreigner	foreigner	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 learned	nsubj:pass
7	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 learned	aux
8	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	9 learned	advmod
9	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 right	parataxis
10	to	to	PART	_	11 speak	mark
11	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 learned	xcomp
12	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 speak	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	He					right property	tree rules
2	learn	present · perfect · passive		no foreigner			ever		tree rules
3	speak speech: other	to-infinitive		Chinese					tree rules

Option 4

Chinese has no tones, so it is in fact very easy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 tones	det
4	tones	tone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 fact	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	10 fact	advmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 fact	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 fact	cop
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 fact	case
10	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	parataxis
11	very	very	ADV	_	12 easy	advmod
12	easy	easy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 fact	amod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Chinese	no tones					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tone=Patient
2	is	present	it			fact			tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/60-china-mei-s-exaggerations-and-everyday-china/t6/