Test 7 · How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline
Ruby sees farmers' skeletons are shorter than hunters'. What does this show?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ruby, skeletons, this · What happens: see, be, show
This is test 7 of lesson 61 «How we got here: the big steps on one long timeline» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Ruby sees farmers' skeletons are shorter than hunters'.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ruby | Ruby | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 sees | nsubj |
| 2 | sees | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 skeletons | nmod:poss |
| 4 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 3 farmers | case |
| 5 | skeletons | skeleton | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 shorter | nsubj |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 shorter | cop |
| 7 | shorter | short | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 2 sees | parataxis |
| 8 | than | than | ADP | _ | 9 hunters | case |
| 9 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 shorter | obl |
| 10 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 shorter | punct |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 sees | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present | Ruby | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is | present | farmers's skeletons | than hunters; short property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What does this show?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 show | obj |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 show | aux |
| 3 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 show | nsubj |
| 4 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 show | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present · do-support | this | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Farmers were a different animal from the hunters
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 animal | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 animal | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 animal | det |
| 4 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 animal | amod |
| 5 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 hunters | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 hunters | det |
| 8 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 animal | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Farmers | a different animal | the hunters | tree rules |
Option 2
Hunters were taller because they ate only meat and sweets
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 taller | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 taller | cop |
| 3 | taller | tall | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 4 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 6 ate | mark |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 ate | nsubj |
| 6 | ate | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 taller | advcl |
| 7 | only | only | ADV | _ | 8 meat | advmod |
| 8 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 ate | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 sweets | cc |
| 10 | sweets | sweet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 meat | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Hunters | tall property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | eat | past | Hunters = hunter | meat and sweets | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Patient |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
A big step can help the group and be hard on each person
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 step | det |
| 2 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 step | amod |
| 3 | step | step | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 help | nsubj |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 help | aux |
| 5 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 group | det |
| 7 | group | group | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 help | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 hard | cc |
| 9 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 hard | cop |
| 10 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 help | conj |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 person | case |
| 12 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 13 person | det |
| 13 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 hard | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | can | a big step | the group | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent group=Beneficiary | ||||
| 2 | is | infinitive | a big step not said here | on each person; hard property | tree rules |
Option 4
Farming made everyone healthier, taller and stronger at once
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Farming | farming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 made | nsubj |
| 2 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 2 made | obj |
| 4 | healthier | healthy | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 2 made | xcomp |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 taller | punct |
| 6 | taller | tall | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 2 made | xcomp |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 stronger | cc |
| 8 | stronger | strong | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 6 taller | conj |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 once | case |
| 10 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 2 made | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | Farming | everyone | healthy, tall property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset everyone=Product |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/61-how-we-got-here-the-big-steps-on-one-long-timeline/t7/