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Test 6 · ★ · Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks a…

Some Europeans once said Pacific islands were settled by lucky drifting. What proved them wrong?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Europeans · What happens: say, settle, drift, prove · To what, where: Pacific islands, islands · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 62 «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Some Europeans once said Pacific islands were settled by lucky drifting.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 Europeans	det
2	Europeans	European	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 said	nsubj
3	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 said	advmod
4	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	Pacific	Pacific	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 islands	compound
6	islands	island	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 settled	nsubj:pass
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 settled	aux:pass
8	settled	settle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 said	ccomp
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 lucky	case
10	lucky	lucky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 settled	conj
11	drifting	drift	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 lucky	xcomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	some Europeans					once property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	settle	past · passive		Pacific islands					vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: subject=Location
3	drift	gerund							vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What proved them wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 proved	nsubj
2	proved	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 proved	obj
4	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 proved	xcomp
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 proved	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	past		islands = island				wrong property	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Modern voyages in rebuilt canoes, using the old skills

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Modern	modern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 voyages	amod
2	voyages	voyage	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 using	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 canoes	case
4	rebuilt	rebuild	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 canoes	amod
5	canoes	canoe	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 voyages	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 using	punct
7	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 skills	det
9	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 skills	amod
10	skills	skill	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 using	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rebuild	participle							vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	use	gerund	Modern voyages in rebuilt canoes	the old skills					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skill=Patient

Option 2

A Roman map showing every island of the Pacific

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 map	det
2	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 map	amod
3	map	map	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	showing	show	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 map	acl
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 island	det
6	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 showing	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 Pacific	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Pacific	det
9	Pacific	Pacific	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 island	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	gerund	a Roman map not said here	every island of the Pacific					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent island=Recipient

Option 3

GPS sets found buried inside the old canoes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	GPS	GPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 found	nsubj
2	sets	set	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 found	aux:pass
3	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	buried	bury	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 found	xcomp
5	inside	inside	ADP	_	8 canoes	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 canoes	det
7	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 canoes	amod
8	canoes	canoe	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 buried	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	present · passive		GPS					vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme
2	bury	participle	GPS not said here			the old canoes			vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent inside canoe=Destination

Option 4

Nothing: scientists have proved that drifting is how it happened

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 proved	punct
3	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 proved	nsubj
4	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 proved	aux
5	proved	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	1 Nothing	acl:relcl
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 drifting	mark
7	drifting	drift	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 proved	advcl
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 happened	cop
9	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	11 happened	advmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 happened	nsubj
11	happened	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 drifting	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present · perfect	scientists						vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
2	drift	gerund	scientists not said here						tree rules
3	is	present	it					happen property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/t6/