Test 7 · ★ · Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks a…

Ella's uncle says the post office motto is from ancient Persia, mate. What is true?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: uncle, office motto · What happens: say, be · To what, where: ancient Persia · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 62 «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ella's uncle says the post office motto is from ancient Persia, mate.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ella	Ella	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 uncle	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Ella	case
3	uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 motto	det
6	post	post	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 office	compound
7	office	office	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 motto	compound
8	motto	motto	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 Persia	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 Persia	cop
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 Persia	case
11	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 Persia	amod
12	Persia	Persia	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 says	ccomp
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 mate	punct
14	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 Persia	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ella's uncle						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	the office motto			ancient Persia and mate			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

It was written by a Roman emperor for his own letter carriers in Britain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 written	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 written	aux:pass
3	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 emperor	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 emperor	det
6	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 emperor	amod
7	emperor	emperor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 written	obl
8	for	for	ADP	_	12 carriers	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 carriers	nmod:poss
10	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 carriers	amod
11	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 carriers	compound
12	carriers	carrier	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 written	obl
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 Britain	case
14	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 carriers	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	past · passive	a Roman emperor	It				for his own letter carriers in Britain	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent subject=Result for carrier=Beneficiary

Option 2

It is from the Inca, who had runners on their roads

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 Inca	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 Inca	cop
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 Inca	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Inca	det
5	Inca	Inca	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 had	punct
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 had	nsubj
8	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 Inca	acl:relcl
9	runners	runner	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 had	obj
10	on	on	ADP	_	12 roads	case
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 roads	nmod:poss
12	roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			the Inca			tree rules
2	have	past	the Inca	runners		runners's roads			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent runner=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A Greek writer praised Persian messengers, and New York carved his words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 writer	det
2	Greek	Greek	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 writer	amod
3	writer	writer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 praised	nsubj
4	praised	praise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	Persian	persian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 messengers	amod
6	messengers	messenger	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 praised	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 carved	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 carved	cc
9	New	New	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 York	flat
10	York	York	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 carved	nsubj
11	carved	carve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 praised	parataxis
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 words	nmod:poss
13	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 carved	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	praise	past	a Greek writer	Persian messengers	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme
2	carve	past	New York	York's words	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme
3	word		York		nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

It comes from a 1990s film about a postman in New York

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 comes	nsubj
2	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 film	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 film	det
5	1990s	1990s	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	6 film	compound
6	film	film	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comes	obl
7	about	about	ADP	_	9 postman	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 postman	det
9	postman	postman	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 film	nmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 York	case
11	New	New	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 York	flat
12	York	York	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 postman	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	It			a 1990s film about a postman in New York			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from film=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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