Test 8 · ★ · Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks a…

what if horses had never been tamed. what would change

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: not tame, change · To what, where: horses

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 62 «Everyday inventions: pots, boats, wheels, horses, clocks and glasses» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	if	if	SCONJ	_	7 tamed	mark
3	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 tamed	nsubj:pass
4	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 tamed	aux
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 tamed	advmod
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 tamed	aux:pass
7	tamed	tame	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 change	advcl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 tamed	punct
9	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	11 change	obj
10	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 change	aux
11	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 what	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not tame a condition, not said to happen	past · perfect · passive		horses					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
2	change	would							vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Trains would have come 2,000 years earlier to make up for it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Trains	train	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 come	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 come	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 come	aux
4	come	come	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	2,000	2000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 years	nummod
6	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 earlier	obl:unmarked
7	earlier	early	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 come	advmod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 make	mark
9	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 come	advcl
10	up	up	ADP	_	9 make	compound:prt
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 it	case
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 make	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	would · perfect	Trains					early property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	make up	to-infinitive	Trains not said here					for it	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Travel, farming and war on land would have stayed much slower

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Travel	travel	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 stayed	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 farming	punct
3	farming	farming	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Travel	conj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 war	cc
5	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Travel	conj
6	on	on	ADP	_	7 land	case
7	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Travel	nmod
8	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 stayed	aux
9	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 stayed	aux
10	stayed	stay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
11	much	much	ADV	_	12 slower	advmod
12	slower	slow	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 stayed	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	would · perfect	Travel on land and farming and war					slow property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

People would have learned to fly on big birds instead

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 learned	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 learned	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 learned	aux
4	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 fly	mark
6	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 learned	xcomp
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 birds	case
8	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 birds	amod
9	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fly	obl
10	instead	instead	ADV	_	6 fly	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	would · perfect	People						vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	fly	to-infinitive	People not said here					on big birds; instead property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on bird=Location

Option 4

Nothing at all, people would just have walked a bit faster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	9 walked	nsubj
2	at	at	ADP	_	3 all	case
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	1 Nothing	nmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 walked	nsubj
6	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 walked	aux
7	just	just	ADV	_	9 walked	advmod
8	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 walked	aux
9	walked	walk	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 bit	det
11	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 walked	obl:unmarked
12	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	9 walked	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	walk	would · perfect	Nothing	a bit				fast property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/62-everyday-inventions-pots-boats-wheels-horses-clocks-and-glasses/t8/