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Test 1 · ★ · Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust ea…

Jack's mate says everyone copied the ABC from one place. Nah, bro?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mate, everyone · What happens: say, copy · To what, where: ABC, one place · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 63 «Writing, laws and money: how strangers learned to trust each other» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Jack's mate says everyone copied the ABC from one place.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jack	Jack	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 mate	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Jack	case
3	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	6 copied	nsubj
6	copied	copy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 says	ccomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 ABC	det
8	ABC	ABC	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 copied	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 place	case
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 place	nummod
11	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 copied	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Jack's mate						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	copy	past	everyone	the ABC		one place			vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abc=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Nah, bro?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nah	nah	INTJ	_	3 bro	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nah	punct
3	bro	bro	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 bro	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1

Nah, he's right, writing came only from Rome

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nah	nah	INTJ	_	5 right	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nah	punct
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 right	nsubj
4	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 right	cop
5	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 writing	amod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 right	punct
7	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 came	nsubj
8	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	only	only	ADV	_	11 Rome	advmod
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 Rome	case
11	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	he					right property	tree rules
2	come	past	right writing			Rome			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from rome=Initial_Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Nah, writing was only invented around 1800

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nah	nah	INTJ	_	6 invented	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nah	punct
3	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 invented	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 invented	aux:pass
5	only	only	ADV	_	6 invented	advmod
6	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	around	around	ADP	_	8 1800	case
8	1800	1800	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive		writing		1800			vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 3

Yeah, true, China copied Egypt's ABC thousands of years ago

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	_	3 true	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 copied	punct
5	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 copied	nsubj
6	copied	copy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 true	conj
7	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 ABC	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 Egypt	case
9	ABC	ABC	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 copied	obj
10	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 copied	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 years	case
12	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 thousands	nmod
13	ago	ago	ADV	_	6 copied	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	past	China	Egypt's ABC				ago property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Nah, several peoples invented writing on their own

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nah	nah	INTJ	_	5 invented	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nah	punct
3	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 peoples	amod
4	peoples	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 invented	nsubj
5	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	writing	write	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 invented	xcomp
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 own	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 own	nmod:poss
9	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 writing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past	several peoples						tree rules
2	write	gerund	several peoples not said here			peoples's own			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on own=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/63-writing-laws-and-money-how-strangers-learned-to-trust-each-other/t1/