Exam question 2 · Light, machines and medicine: how the last 250 years chang…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning child mortality.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: select, establish · To what, where: response

This is exam question 2 of lesson 65 «Light, machines and medicine: how the last 250 years changed a normal day» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 mortality	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concerning	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 mortality	amod
10	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 mortality	compound
11	mortality	mortality	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response					tree rules
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It has risen tenfold since 1800, owing chiefly to the growth of cities

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 risen	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 risen	aux
3	risen	rise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	tenfold	tenfold	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 risen	xcomp
5	since	since	ADP	_	6 1800	case
6	1800	1800	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 risen	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 owing	punct
8	owing	owe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 risen	advcl
9	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	_	8 owing	advmod
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 growth	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 growth	det
12	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 owing	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 cities	case
14	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 growth	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	rise	present · perfect · passive		It	since 1800		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
2	owe	gerund				to the growth of cities goal; chiefly property	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to growth=Goal
3	grow		cities				nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2

It has remained constant since 1800, at about four children in ten

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 remained	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 remained	aux
3	remained	remain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	constant	constant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 remained	xcomp
5	since	since	ADP	_	6 1800	case
6	1800	1800	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 remained	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 children	punct
8	at	at	ADP	_	11 children	case
9	about	about	ADV	_	10 four	advmod
10	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 children	nummod
11	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 remained	obl
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 ten	case
13	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 children	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remain	present · perfect · passive		It			since 1800	at four children in ten; constant property	vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It fell from about four in ten children in 1800 to about four in one hundred today

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 fell	nsubj
2	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 four	case
4	about	about	ADV	_	5 four	advmod
5	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 fell	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 children	case
7	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 children	nummod
8	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 fell	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 1800	case
10	1800	1800	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 fell	obl
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 four	case
12	about	about	ADV	_	13 four	advmod
13	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 fell	obl
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 hundred	case
15	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 hundred	compound
16	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 four	nmod
17	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 hundred	nmod:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	past	It			four		in ten children; in 1800; to four in one hundred today result	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute PP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient from four=Initial_State in child=Attribute to four=Result

Option 4

It was eliminated entirely in the year 1900 throughout the world

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 eliminated	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 eliminated	aux:pass
3	eliminated	eliminate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	3 eliminated	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 year	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 year	det
7	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eliminated	obl
8	1900	1900	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 year	flat
9	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	11 world	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 world	det
11	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eliminated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eliminate	past · passive		It			throughout the world; year	entirely property	vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/65-light-machines-and-medicine-how-the-last-250-years-changed-a-normal-day/e2/