Test 6 · Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time
Josh's dad grumbles about income tax; Grandad says it was meant to be temporary. True?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: dad, Grandad · What happens: grumble, say, mean, be · To what, where: income tax, tax · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 6 of lesson 68 «Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Josh's dad grumbles about income tax; Grandad says it was meant to be temporary.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Josh | Josh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 dad | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Josh | case |
| 3 | dad | dad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 grumbles | nsubj |
| 4 | grumbles | grumble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | about | about | ADV | _ | 7 tax | advmod |
| 6 | income | income | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 tax | compound |
| 7 | tax | tax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 grumbles | obj |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 says | punct |
| 9 | Grandad | Grandad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 says | nsubj |
| 10 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 grumbles | conj |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 meant | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 meant | aux:pass |
| 13 | meant | mean | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 says | ccomp |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 temporary | mark |
| 15 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 temporary | cop |
| 16 | temporary | temporary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 meant | xcomp |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 grumbles | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grumble speech: other | present | Josh's dad | income tax | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Topic | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | Grandad | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | mean | past · passive | tax | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 4 | is not said to happen | to-infinitive | temporary property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: True?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | True | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 2 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 True | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Yes, it began in 1799 for war and stayed
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 began | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 began | nsubj |
| 4 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 1799 | case |
| 6 | 1799 | 1799 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 began | obl |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 war | case |
| 8 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 began | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 stayed | cc |
| 10 | stayed | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 began | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | it | 1799 | for war | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | stay | past | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 2
No, it only started in 2020
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 started | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 started | nsubj |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 5 started | advmod |
| 5 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 2020 | case |
| 7 | 2020 | 2020 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 started | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start | past | it | 2020 | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
Option 3
No, it's as old as the pyramids of Egypt
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 6 old | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 old | nsubj |
| 4 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 old | cop |
| 5 | as | as | ADV | _ | 6 old | advmod |
| 6 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 pyramids | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 pyramids | det |
| 9 | pyramids | pyramid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 old | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Egypt | case |
| 11 | Egypt | Egypt | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 pyramids | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | it | as the pyramids of Egypt; old property | tree rules |
Option 4
Yes, and it was ended for good in 1800
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 6 ended | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 ended | punct |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 ended | cc |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 ended | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 ended | cop |
| 6 | ended | ended | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 good | case |
| 8 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 ended | obl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 1800 | case |
| 10 | 1800 | 1800 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 ended | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | it | 1800 | for good; ended property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/t6/