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Test 5 · Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time

Tom's dad says «window tax, mate» about bricked-up windows. What does it show?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: dad, mate · What happens: say, brick, show · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 of lesson 68 «Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Tom's dad says «window tax, mate» about bricked-up windows.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 dad	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Tom	case
3	dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 tax	punct
6	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 tax	compound
7	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	ccomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 mate	punct
9	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 tax	conj
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 tax	punct
11	about	about	ADP	_	15 windows	case
12	bricked	brick	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 windows	amod
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 bricked	punct
14	up	up	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 windows	compound
15	windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 tax	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Tom's dad						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	brick	participle							vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does it show?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 show	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 show	aux
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 show	nsubj
4	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present · do-support	mate						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Builders forgot the windows

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Builders	builder	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 forgot	nsubj
2	forgot	forget	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 windows	det
4	windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 forgot	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	forget	past	Builders	the windows					tree rules

Option 2

Bricks were cheaper than air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bricks	brick	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cheaper	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 cheaper	cop
3	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	than	than	ADP	_	5 air	case
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cheaper	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Bricks					than air; cheap property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Taxes can change how people build and live

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Taxes	tax	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 change	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 change	aux
3	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	6 build	advmod
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 build	nsubj
6	build	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 change	ccomp
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 live	cc
8	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 build	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	can	Taxes						tree rules
2	build	present	people						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3	live	present	people not said here						vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Windows were illegal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 illegal	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 illegal	cop
3	illegal	illegal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Windows					illegal property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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