Test 4 · Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time
Leo thinks jails always existed as punishment. What would a medieval judge more likely give?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Leo, jails, medieval judge · What happens: think, exist, give · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 4 of lesson 68 «Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Leo thinks jails always existed as punishment.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leo | Leo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 thinks | nsubj |
| 2 | thinks | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | jails | jail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 existed | nsubj |
| 4 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 5 existed | advmod |
| 5 | existed | exist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 thinks | ccomp |
| 6 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 punishment | case |
| 7 | punishment | punishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 existed | obl |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 thinks | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | present | Leo | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | exist | past | jails | as punishment; always property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What would a medieval judge more likely give?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 8 give | obj |
| 2 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 give | aux |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 judge | det |
| 4 | medieval | medieval | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 judge | amod |
| 5 | judge | judge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 give | nsubj |
| 6 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 7 likely | advmod |
| 7 | likely | likely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 judge | amod |
| 8 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 9 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 give | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | would | a medieval judge | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme |
The options
Option 1
Community service, done online
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Community | community | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 service | compound |
| 2 | service | service | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 done | punct |
| 4 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 service | acl |
| 5 | online | online | ADV | _ | 4 done | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | participle | Community service not said here | online property | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
A parking ticket for his horse
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 ticket | det |
| 2 | parking | parking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ticket | compound |
| 3 | ticket | ticket | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 horse | case |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 horse | nmod:poss |
| 6 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ticket | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
Ten long years in a stone prison
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 years | nummod |
| 2 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 years | amod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 prison | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 prison | det |
| 6 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 prison | compound |
| 7 | prison | prison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 years | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
A fine, shaming or sending away
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 fine | det |
| 2 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 shaming | punct |
| 4 | shaming | shame | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 fine | advcl |
| 5 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 6 sending | cc |
| 6 | sending | send | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 shaming | conj |
| 7 | away | away | ADV | _ | 6 sending | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shame | gerund | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 2 | send away | gerund | away property | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/t4/