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Test 2 · ★ · Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first kingdoms

An old book says invaders wiped out the Indus cities in one day. What do historians think now?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: old book, invaders, historians · What happens: say, wipe out, think · To what, where: Indus cities · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 7 «Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first kingdoms» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: An old book says invaders wiped out the Indus cities in one day.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 book	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 book	amod
3	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	invaders	invader	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 wiped	nsubj
6	wiped	wipe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 says	ccomp
7	out	out	ADP	_	6 wiped	compound:prt
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 cities	det
9	Indus	Indus	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 cities	compound
10	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 wiped	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 day	case
12	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 day	nummod
13	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 wiped	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a old book						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	wipe out	past	invaders	the Indus cities			day		vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent city=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What do historians think now?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 think	obj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 think	aux
3	historians	historian	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 think	nsubj
4	think	think	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 think	advmod
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 think	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	present · do-support	historians				now		vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme

The options

Option 1

Volcanoes destroyed them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 destroyed	nsubj
2	destroyed	destroy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 destroyed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	destroy	past	Volcanoes	them = they					vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Option 2

Aliens took the people away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Aliens	alien	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 took	nsubj
2	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 people	det
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 took	obj
5	away	away	ADV	_	2 took	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take away	past	Aliens	the people				away property	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme

Option 3

The book is right in every detail

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 book	det
2	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 right	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 right	cop
4	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 detail	case
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 detail	det
7	detail	detail	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 right	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the book			every detail		right property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The cities faded slowly, probably from river and climate changes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cities	det
2	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 faded	nsubj
3	faded	fade	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	3 faded	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 river	punct
6	probably	probably	ADV	_	8 river	advmod
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 river	case
8	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 faded	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 changes	cc
10	climate	climate	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 changes	compound
11	changes	change	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 river	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fade	past	the cities			river and climate changes		slowly property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/7-ancient-india-the-indus-cities-and-the-first-kingdoms/t2/