Test 1 · ★ · Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first kingdoms

Why would covered drains make a city healthier?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: covered drains · What happens: cover, make · To what, where: city

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 7 «Ancient India: the Indus cities and the first kingdoms» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	3 covered	advmod
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 covered	aux
3	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 drains	amod
4	drains	drain	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 make	nsubj
5	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 city	det
7	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 make	obj
8	healthier	healthy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 make	xcomp
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	would							vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
2	make	present	covered drains	a city				healthy property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset city=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Drains keep out robbers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Drains	drain	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 keep	nsubj
2	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADP	_	2 keep	compound:prt
4	robbers	robber	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 keep	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep out	present	Drains	robbers					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent robber=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Dirty water is kept away from people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dirty	dirty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 water	amod
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kept	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 kept	aux:pass
4	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	away	away	ADV	_	4 kept	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 people	case
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 kept	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep away	present · passive	people	Dirty water				away property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 3

Covered drains grow food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 drains	amod
2	drains	drain	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grow	nsubj
3	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grow	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	participle							vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
2	grow	present	Covered drains	food					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location food=Theme

Option 4

Drains make the streets warmer in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Drains	drain	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 streets	det
4	streets	street	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	obj
5	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 make	xcomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 winter	case
7	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Drains	the streets			winter	warm property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset street=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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