Test 7 · What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religion… In a western film, Plains peoples gallop on horses. Ben's cousin says, "They had horses since the Ice Age, deffo." What's more exact?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Plains peoples, cousin, peoples · What happens: gallop, say, have, be · To what, where: western film, horses · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 7 of lesson 71 «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: In a western film, Plains peoples gallop on horses.
case det amod obl punct compound nsubj case obl punct root In ADP a DET western ADJ film NOUN , PUNCT Plains PROPN peoples NOUN gallop VERB on ADP horses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 film case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 film det 3 western western ADJ Degree=Pos 4 film amod 4 film film NOUN Number=Sing 8 gallop obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 film punct 6 Plains Plain PROPN Number=Plur 7 peoples compound 7 peoples people NOUN Number=Plur 8 gallop nsubj 8 gallop gallop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 on on ADP _ 10 horses case 10 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 8 gallop obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 gallop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gallop present Plains peoples a western film on horses vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in film=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Ben's cousin says, "They had horses since the Ice Age, deffo."
nmod:poss case nsubj punct punct nsubj ccomp obj case det compound obl punct conj punct punct root Ben PROPN 's PART cousin NOUN says VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT They PRON had VERB horses NOUN since ADP the DET Ice PROPN Age PROPN , PUNCT deffo NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 3 cousin nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Ben case 3 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 had punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 8 had punct 7 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 had nsubj 8 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 says ccomp 9 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 8 had obj 10 since since ADP _ 13 Age case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 Age det 12 Ice Ice PROPN Number=Sing 13 Age compound 13 Age Age PROPN Number=Sing 8 had obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 deffo punct 15 deffo deffo NOUN Number=Sing 13 Age conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 says punct 17 " " PUNCT _ 4 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Ben's cousin vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have in a quote past peoples = people horses since the Ice Age and deffo vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient
Sentence 3: What's more exact?
nsubj cop advmod punct root What PRON 's AUX more ADV exact ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 exact nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 exact cop 3 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 4 exact advmod 4 exact exact ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 exact punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present exact property tree rules
The options Option 1 Horses were never ridden by Plains peoples; the films made it up
nsubj aux:pass advmod case compound obl punct det nsubj conj obj compound:prt root Horses NOUN were AUX never ADV ridden VERB by ADP Plains PROPN peoples NOUN ; PUNCT the DET films NOUN made VERB it PRON up ADP The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 4 ridden nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 ridden aux:pass 3 never never ADV PronType=Neg 4 ridden advmod 4 ridden ride VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 7 peoples case 6 Plains Plain PROPN Number=Plur 7 peoples compound 7 peoples people NOUN Number=Plur 4 ridden obl 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 made punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 films det 10 films film NOUN Number=Plur 11 made nsubj 11 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 ridden conj 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 made obj 13 up up ADP _ 11 made compound:prt
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not ride past · passive Plains peoples Horses vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme 2 make up past the films it vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Pivot
Option 2 Horses came to America with the Vikings in about the year 1000, on longships
The tree, 14 words nsubj case obl case det obl case advmod det obl flat punct case obl root Horses NOUN came VERB to ADP America PROPN with ADP the DET Vikings PROPN in ADP about ADV the DET year NOUN 1000 NUM , PUNCT on ADP longships NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 2 came nsubj 2 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 4 America case 4 America America PROPN Number=Sing 2 came obl 5 with with ADP _ 7 Vikings case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 Vikings det 7 Vikings Viking PROPN Number=Plur 2 came obl 8 in in ADP _ 11 year case 9 about about ADV _ 11 year advmod 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 year det 11 year year NOUN Number=Sing 2 came obl 12 1000 1000 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 11 year flat 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 longships punct 14 on on ADP _ 15 longships case 15 longships longship NOUN Number=Plur 2 came obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past Horses America longships year with the Vikings vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to america=Initial_Location
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer Horses died out there and came back with the Spanish, then spread fast
nsubj advmod advmod cc conj advmod case det obl punct advmod advcl advmod root Horses NOUN died VERB out ADV there ADV and CCONJ came VERB back ADV with ADP the DET Spanish ADJ , PUNCT then ADV spread VERB fast ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 2 died nsubj 2 died die VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADV _ 2 died advmod 4 there there ADV PronType=Dem 2 died advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 came cc 6 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 died conj 7 back back ADV _ 6 came advmod 8 with with ADP _ 10 Spanish case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 Spanish det 10 Spanish Spanish ADJ Degree=Pos 6 came obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 spread punct 12 then then ADV PronType=Dem 13 spread advmod 13 spread spread VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 died advcl 14 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 13 spread advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 die out past Horses there out property vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 2 come back past Horses not said here with the Spanish vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 spread infinitive Horses not said here then fast property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Option 4 Yes, the very same horses lived there for ever and were never gone
discourse punct det advmod amod nsubj advmod case obl cc aux:pass advmod conj root Yes INTJ , PUNCT the DET very ADV same ADJ horses NOUN lived VERB there ADV for ADP ever ADV and CCONJ were AUX never ADV gone VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 7 lived discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Yes punct 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 horses det 4 very very ADV _ 5 same advmod 5 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 6 horses amod 6 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 7 lived nsubj 7 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 there there ADV PronType=Dem 7 lived advmod 9 for for ADP _ 10 ever case 10 ever ever ADV PronType=Ind 7 lived obl 11 and and CCONJ _ 14 gone cc 12 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 gone aux:pass 13 never never ADV PronType=Neg 14 gone advmod 14 gone go VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 lived conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past the same horses there vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 not go past · passive the same horses not said here vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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