Test 8 · What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religion… Jack's teacher says, "Sugar has a sad history." Jack: "How can sweets be sad, innit?" What does she mean?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: teacher, Sugar, sweets, Jack · What happens: say, have, be, innit, mean · To what, where: sad history · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 8 of lesson 71 «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Jack's teacher says, "Sugar has a sad history."
nmod:poss case nsubj punct punct nsubj ccomp det amod obj punct punct root Jack PROPN 's PART teacher NOUN says VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT Sugar NOUN has VERB a DET sad ADJ history NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jack Jack PROPN Number=Sing 3 teacher nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Jack case 3 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 has punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 8 has punct 7 Sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 8 has nsubj 8 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 says ccomp 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 history det 10 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 11 history amod 11 history history NOUN Number=Sing 8 has obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 has punct 13 " " PUNCT _ 8 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Jack's teacher vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have in a quote present Sugar a sad history vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent history=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Jack: "How can sweets be sad, innit?"
nsubj punct punct advmod aux nsubj cop acl:relcl punct punct punct root Jack PROPN : PUNCT " PUNCT How ADV can AUX sweets NOUN be AUX sad ADJ , PUNCT innit VERB ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jack Jack PROPN Number=Sing 10 innit nsubj 2 : : PUNCT _ 8 sad punct 3 " " PUNCT _ 8 sad punct 4 How how ADV PronType=Int 8 sad advmod 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 sad aux 6 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 8 sad nsubj 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 sad cop 8 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Jack acl:relcl 9 , , PUNCT _ 1 Jack punct 10 innit innit VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 11 ? ? PUNCT _ 10 innit punct 12 " " PUNCT _ 10 innit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote can sweets sad property tree rules 2 innit in a quote infinitive Jack tree rules
Sentence 3: What does she mean?
obj aux nsubj punct root What PRON does AUX she PRON mean VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 mean obj 2 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 mean nsubj 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present · do-support Jack vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic
The options Option 1 Sugar was always free for everyone, so farmers were poor
nsubj cop advmod case obl punct advmod nsubj cop conj root Sugar NOUN was AUX always ADV free ADJ for ADP everyone PRON , PUNCT so ADV farmers NOUN were AUX poor ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 4 free nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 free cop 3 always always ADV PronType=Tot 4 free advmod 4 free free ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 for for ADP _ 6 everyone case 6 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 4 free obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 poor punct 8 so so ADV _ 11 poor advmod 9 farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 11 poor nsubj 10 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 poor cop 11 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 4 free conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Sugar for everyone; always, free property tree rules 2 is past farmers poor property tree rules
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice Sugar was only grown by kings, who kept it all for themselves
nsubj aux:pass advmod case obl punct nsubj acl:relcl obj det case obl root Sugar NOUN was AUX only ADV grown VERB by ADP kings NOUN , PUNCT who PRON kept VERB it PRON all DET for ADP themselves PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 4 grown nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 grown aux:pass 3 only only ADV _ 4 grown advmod 4 grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 6 kings case 6 kings king NOUN Number=Plur 4 grown obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 kept punct 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 kept nsubj 9 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 kings acl:relcl 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 kept obj 11 all all DET PronType=Tot 10 it det 12 for for ADP _ 13 themselves case 13 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 9 kept obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past · passive kings Sugar vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme 2 keep past kings Sugar for kings = king vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Option 3 Sugar makes people cry when they eat too much of it
nsubj obj xcomp mark nsubj advcl advmod obj case nmod root Sugar NOUN makes VERB people NOUN cry VERB when SCONJ they PRON eat VERB too ADV much ADJ of ADP it PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes nsubj 2 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 makes obj 4 cry cry VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 makes xcomp 5 when when SCONJ _ 7 eat mark 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 eat nsubj 7 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 makes advcl 8 too too ADV _ 9 much advmod 9 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 7 eat obj 10 of of ADP _ 11 it case 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 much nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Sugar people tree rules 2 cry speech: express infinitive people not said here vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 eat present people much of Sugar vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Patient
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer Sugar was grown on plantations worked by enslaved Africans
nsubj aux:pass case obl acl case amod obl:agent root Sugar NOUN was AUX grown VERB on ADP plantations NOUN worked VERB by ADP enslaved VERB Africans PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 3 grown nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 grown aux:pass 3 grown grow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 on on ADP _ 5 plantations case 5 plantations plantation NOUN Number=Plur 3 grown obl 6 worked work VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 plantations acl 7 by by ADP _ 9 Africans case 8 enslaved enslave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 Africans amod 9 Africans African PROPN Number=Plur 6 worked obl:agent
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past · passive Sugar plantations vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme 2 work participle plantations not said here vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 enslave participle vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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