Exam question 1 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them…

Identify the principal consequence of the investigation undertaken by John Snow in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-four.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, investigation · What happens: identify, undertake · To what, where: principal consequence, eighteen hundred

This is exam question 1 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 consequence	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 consequence	amod
4	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 investigation	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 investigation	det
7	investigation	investigation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consequence	nmod
8	undertaken	undertake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 investigation	acl
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 John	case
10	John	John	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 undertaken	obl:agent
11	Snow	Snow	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 John	flat
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 year	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 year	det
14	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 undertaken	obl
15	eighteen	eighteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 hundred	compound
16	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 undertaken	obl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 four	cc
18	fifty	fifty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	20 four	compound
19	-	-	PUNCT	_	18 fifty	punct
20	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 hundred	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal consequence of the investigation					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent consequence=Theme
2	undertake	participle	the investigation not said here	eighteen hundred			year		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It led to the abolition of all public water pumps in Europe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 led	nsubj
2	led	lead	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 abolition	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 abolition	det
5	abolition	abolition	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pumps	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 water	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 water	det
8	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 water	amod
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 abolition	nmod
10	pumps	pump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 led	parataxis
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 Europe	case
12	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 pumps	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	lead	past	It				vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition
2	pump	present			Europe	to the abolition of all public water	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in europe=Destination
3	abolish			all public water			nom abolition «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

It established that cholera is transmitted by foul air rising from the river

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 established	nsubj
2	established	establish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 transmitted	mark
4	cholera	cholera	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 transmitted	nsubj:pass
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 transmitted	aux:pass
6	transmitted	transmit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 established	advcl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 air	case
8	foul	foul	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 air	amod
9	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 transmitted	obl
10	rising	rise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 air	acl
11	from	from	ADP	_	13 river	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 river	det
13	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 rising	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	establish	past	It			vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
2	transmit	present · passive	foul air	cholera		vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
3	rise	gerund	foul air not said here		the river	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from river=Initial_Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It assisted in demonstrating that contaminated water transmits cholera

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 assisted	nsubj
2	assisted	assist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	SCONJ	_	4 demonstrating	mark
4	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 assisted	advcl
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 transmits	mark
6	contaminated	contaminate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 water	amod
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 transmits	nsubj
8	transmits	transmit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 demonstrating	ccomp
9	cholera	cholera	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 transmits	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	assist	past	It		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
2	demonstrate	gerund			vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic
3	contaminate	participle			vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
4	transmit	present	contaminated water	cholera	vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cholera=Theme

Option 4

It resulted in the construction of the first flush toilet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 resulted	nsubj
2	resulted	result	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 construction	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 construction	det
5	construction	construction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 resulted	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	10 toilet	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 toilet	det
8	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	10 toilet	amod
9	flush	flush	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 toilet	compound
10	toilet	toilet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 construction	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	result	past	It			the construction of the first flush toilet			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in construction=Location
2	construct			the first flush toilet					nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/e1/