Test 12 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them… Finn holds his nose by the Thames. "Was London always this whiffy?" ("Whiffy" means smelly.) Guide: "Worse in 1858!" Why did things get better?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Finn, London, Whiffy, things · What happens: hold, be, mean, get · To what, where: nose
This is test 12 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Finn holds his nose by the Thames. "
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct punct root Finn PROPN holds VERB his PRON nose NOUN by ADP the DET Thames PROPN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Finn Finn PROPN Number=Sing 2 holds nsubj 2 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 nose nmod:poss 4 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 2 holds obj 5 by by ADP _ 7 Thames case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 Thames det 7 Thames Thames PROPN Number=Sing 2 holds obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 holds punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 2 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present Finn Finn's nose by the Thames vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent nose=Theme by thames=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Was London always this whiffy?"
cop nsubj advmod nsubj punct punct root Was AUX London PROPN always ADV this PRON whiffy ADJ ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 whiffy cop 2 London London PROPN Number=Sing 5 whiffy nsubj 3 always always ADV PronType=Tot 5 whiffy advmod 4 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 whiffy nsubj 5 whiffy whiffy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 whiffy punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 5 whiffy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past London always, whiffy property tree rules
Sentence 3: ("Whiffy" means smelly.)
punct punct nsubj punct xcomp punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Whiffy PROPN " PUNCT means VERB smelly ADJ . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Whiffy punct 3 Whiffy Whiffy PROPN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 Whiffy punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 smelly smelly ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Whiffy smelly property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Sentence 4: Guide: "Worse in 1858!"
punct punct acl:relcl case obl punct punct root Guide NOUN : PUNCT " PUNCT Worse ADJ in ADP 1858 NUM ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Guide guide NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 : : PUNCT _ 4 Worse punct 3 " " PUNCT _ 4 Worse punct 4 Worse bad ADJ Degree=Cmp 1 Guide acl:relcl 5 in in ADP _ 6 1858 case 6 1858 1858 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 Worse obl 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Guide punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 1 Guide punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 5: Why did things get better?
advmod aux nsubj xcomp punct root Why ADV did AUX things NOUN get VERB better ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Int 4 get advmod 2 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 get aux 3 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 4 get nsubj 4 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 get xcomp 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past · do-support things good property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
The options Option 1 · ✓ the right answer Bazalgette's sewers carried waste away from the river in the city
nmod:poss case nsubj obj advmod case det obl case det obl root Bazalgette PROPN 's PART sewers NOUN carried VERB waste NOUN away ADV from ADP the DET river NOUN in ADP the DET city NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bazalgette Bazalgette PROPN Number=Sing 3 sewers nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Bazalgette case 3 sewers sewer NOUN Number=Plur 4 carried nsubj 4 carried carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 waste waste NOUN Number=Sing 4 carried obj 6 away away ADV _ 4 carried advmod 7 from from ADP _ 9 river case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 river det 9 river river NOUN Number=Sing 4 carried obl 10 in in ADP _ 12 city case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 city det 12 city city NOUN Number=Sing 4 carried obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry away past Bazalgette's sewers waste the river in the city; away property vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent waste=Theme from river=Initial_Location
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice The river was filled in with concrete, so there was nothing left to smell
The tree, 14 words det nsubj:pass aux:pass compound:prt case obl punct advmod expl parataxis nsubj acl mark xcomp root The DET river NOUN was AUX filled VERB in ADP with ADP concrete NOUN , PUNCT so ADV there PRON was VERB nothing PRON left VERB to PART smell VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 river det 2 river river NOUN Number=Sing 4 filled nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 filled aux:pass 4 filled fill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 4 filled compound:prt 6 with with ADP _ 7 concrete case 7 concrete concrete NOUN Number=Sing 4 filled obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 was punct 9 so so ADV _ 11 was advmod 10 there there PRON PronType=Dem 11 was expl 11 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 filled parataxis 12 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 11 was nsubj 13 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 nothing acl 14 to to PART _ 15 smell mark 15 smell smell VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 left xcomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fill in past · passive the river with concrete vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with concrete=Instrument 2 be past nothing there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 leave participle tree rules 4 smell to-infinitive vn smell_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Option 3 People stopped going to the toilet
nsubj xcomp case det obl root People NOUN stopped VERB going VERB to ADP the DET toilet NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 2 stopped nsubj 2 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 going go VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 stopped xcomp 4 to to ADP _ 6 toilet case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 toilet det 6 toilet toilet NOUN Number=Sing 3 going obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop past People vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 go gerund People not said here the toilet vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to toilet=Initial_Location
Option 4 Everyone moved out of London
nsubj case case obl root Everyone PRON moved VERB out ADP of ADP London PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 2 moved nsubj 2 moved move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADP _ 5 London case 4 of of ADP _ 5 London case 5 London London PROPN Number=Sing 2 moved obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move out past Everyone London vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent london=Theme
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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