Test 10 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them…

Ava's friend: "Central Park was just a forest they forgot to cut down." What's true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Central Park, they · What happens: be, forget, not cut down · To what, where: forest

This is test 10 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ava's friend: "Central Park was just a forest they forgot to cut down."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ava	Ava	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 friend	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Ava	case
3	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 forest	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 forest	punct
6	Central	Central	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 Park	flat
7	Park	Park	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 forest	nsubj
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 forest	cop
9	just	just	ADV	_	11 forest	advmod
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 forest	det
11	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 friend	appos
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 forgot	nsubj
13	forgot	forget	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 forest	acl:relcl
14	to	to	PART	_	15 cut	mark
15	cut	cut	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 forgot	xcomp
16	down	down	ADP	_	15 cut	compound:prt
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 friend	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 friend	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a in a quote	past	Central Park	a forest	tree rules
2	forget in a quote	past	they	a forest not said here	tree rules
3	not cut down in a quote	to-infinitive	they not said here		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Your friend's right: it's an old forest that no one ever touched

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 friend	nmod:poss
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 right	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 friend	case
4	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 forest	advcl
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 forest	punct
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 forest	nsubj
7	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 forest	cop
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 forest	det
9	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 forest	amod
10	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 one	nsubj
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 one	det
13	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 forest	appos
14	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	15 touched	advmod
15	touched	touch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 one	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	is a	present	friend	a old forest		tree rules
2	one		that			tree rules
3	touch	participle		no one not said here	ever	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It was planned from 1858 to give the city green space

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 planned	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 planned	aux:pass
3	planned	plan	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 1858	case
5	1858	1858	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 planned	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 give	mark
7	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 planned	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 city	det
9	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 give	obj
10	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 space	amod
11	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 give	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	plan	past · passive		It		1858			vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
2	give	to-infinitive		the city					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent city=Recipient space=Theme

Option 3

It was made by beavers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 made	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 made	aux:pass
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 beavers	case
5	beavers	beaver	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past · passive	beavers	It					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product

Option 4

It's a farm owned by the mayor of New York

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 farm	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 farm	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 farm	det
4	farm	farm	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	owned	own	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 farm	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 mayor	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 mayor	det
8	mayor	mayor	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 owned	obl:agent
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 York	case
10	New	New	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 York	flat
11	York	York	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 mayor	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a farm					tree rules
2	own	participle		a farm not said here					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/t10/