Test 9 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them…
Ollie's big bro: "The Tube's older than your great-great-grandad, bruv." ("Bruv" means brother, mate.) Is he right?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Bruv · What happens: mean, be · To what, where: brother
This is test 9 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Ollie's big bro: "The Tube's older than your great-great-grandad, bruv."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ollie | Ollie | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 bro | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Ollie | case |
| 3 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 bro | amod |
| 4 | bro | bro | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 older | nsubj |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 older | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 older | punct |
| 7 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Tube | det |
| 8 | Tube | Tube | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 older | nmod:poss |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 Tube | case |
| 10 | older | old | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 11 | than | than | ADP | _ | 17 grandad | case |
| 12 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 grandad | nmod:poss |
| 13 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 grandad | amod |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 great | punct |
| 15 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 grandad | amod |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 great | punct |
| 17 | grandad | grandad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 older | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 bruv | punct |
| 19 | bruv | bruv | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 grandad | conj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 older | punct |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 older | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: ("Bruv" means brother, mate.)
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| 2 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 Bruv | punct |
| 3 | Bruv | Bruv | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 means | nsubj |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 Bruv | punct |
| 5 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 means | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 mate | punct |
| 8 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 brother | conj |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| 10 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | Bruv | brother and mate | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Topic |
Sentence 3: Is he right?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 right | cop |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 right | nsubj |
| 3 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 right | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | bruv | right property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
No, the Romans built it
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 built | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Romans | det |
| 4 | Romans | Roman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 built | nsubj |
| 5 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 built | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build | past | the Romans | it | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Yes, it opened in 1863, over 160 years ago
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 opened | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 opened | nsubj |
| 4 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 1863 | case |
| 6 | 1863 | 1863 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 opened | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 years | punct |
| 8 | over | over | ADV | _ | 9 160 | advmod |
| 9 | 160 | 160 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 years | nummod |
| 10 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 opened | obl:unmarked |
| 11 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 10 years | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open | past | it | 1863 | year | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1863=Location |
Option 3
No, it opened in 2000
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 opened | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 opened | nsubj |
| 4 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 2000 | case |
| 6 | 2000 | 2000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 opened | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open | past | it | 2000 | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 2000=Location |
Option 4
No, it opened in 1990
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 opened | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 opened | nsubj |
| 4 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 1990 | case |
| 6 | 1990 | 1990 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 opened | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open | past | it | 1990 | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1990=Location |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/t9/